(Mishnah): Its performance on Shabbos is the same as on a weekday except that before Shabbos they would fill a non-sanctified golden barrel of water from the Shiloach spring and leave it overnight in a Temple chamber in order to use it for the water libations.

If the water was spilt or left uncovered overnight, they would fill up the flask from the Kiyor (washing station used for washing the hands and feet of the Kohanim prior to their Temple service). This was needed because water and wine left uncovered overnight are disqualified for use on the Mizbeach.

(Gemara - Question): Why must the golden barrel be non-sanctified? Did R. Acha/ R. Chinana quoting R. Yasa not say - the Pasuk states (Shemos 40, 10), "You shall sanctify the Mizbeach and the Mizbeach shall be Holy of Holies". Just as the Mizbeach only sanctifies with intention, so the vessels only sanctify with intention?!

Answer (Chizkiyah): In order that people should not say, "We saw water that was sanctified for washing the hands and feet that became disqualified from being left overnight!".

One of the House of Yanai: In order that they should not say, "We saw that the Festival Waters were disqualified through being left overnight!".

R. Yochanan: Because of the issue of Maris HaAyin (suspicion). It is unclear whether he agreed with Chizkiyah or R. Yanai.

R. Pedas quoting R. Hoshiya: The Sotah waters become disqualified if left overnight.

R. Acha quoting R. Avunah: Anything that is not sacrificed on the Mizbeach does not become disqualified if left overnight. (He disagrees with R. Pedas.)

They suggested that if he left wine or water overnight and it was brought, it is valid.

Beraisa (R. Yehoshua the Daromian to R. Yona): Water and wine that were left uncovered are disqualified from use on the Mizbeach.

Reasoning: The Pasuk states (Yechezkel 45, 15), "and one sheep from 200 from the fattened animals of Israel...[for an Olah offering, a Minchah offering...] - this teaches that all sacrifices must come from something that is permitted to Yisrael (which is not the case for water that was left uncovered - there is concern that a snake drank from it and released his venom into it - it may not be consumed.)

This teaches that uncovered water is prohibited. As for wine (which can be filtered to remove the venom), R. Shovsai said (Shoftim 9, 13), "(wine) that brings joy to Hash-m and to men" (Although filtering removes the venom, a person will not be happy when drinking it as he will be concerned that some venom still remains. Therefore, it may not be used for the libations.)

(Mishnah): The flute is used for five or six days [of Sukos]. This is the flute of the Simchas Beis HaSho'evah (Celebrations of the Water Drawing), which does not override Shabbos or Yom Tov.

They said - Whoever did not see the Simchas Beis HaSho'evah has never seen (real) joy in his life.

(Gemara): The Mishnah implies that playing the flute at the time of the Musaf offering does override Shabbos and Yom Tov.

The Mishnah follows the opinion of R. Yosi bei R. Yehuda of the Beraisa -

R. Yosi bei R. Yehuda says that the flute of the Korban overrides Shabbos. The Chachamim say that it does not override Shabbos or Yom Tov.

Question (Mishnah in Erchin): The flute is sounded before the Mizbeach on 12 days in the year - when slaughtering the first and second Korban Pesach, on the first day of Pesach, on the day of Shavuos and on the eight days of Sukos. Can there be eight days without Shabbos?!

R. Yosi said the answer without mentioning the one who said it; R. Yosa b'R. Bun quoted the answer from R. Yochanan - that Mishnah is authored by R. Yosa bei R. Yehuda (who holds that the music that accompanies the Korban overrides Shabbos - as above).

According to these Rabbanan (who disagree with R"YBRY), it does not override Shabbos because it is not clear that the Torah requires musical instruments to accompany a Korban.

Question: The Pasuk states (Melachim 1,1 40), "And the people played the flutes"...?

Answer: This Pasuk is discussing the rejoicing of King Shlomo upon building the 1st Temple.

R. Yona quoting R. Ba bar Mamal: The Pasuk states (Yishayahu 30, 29), "[The song will be yours like the night of the consecration of the festival] and your heart shall rejoice like one who walks with a flute" - whenever the flute is used, Halel is recited.

R. Yosi bei R. Bun quoting R. Ba bar Mamal: Why is Halel recited on all seven days of Sukos (but on Pesach it is only recited on the first day)? It corresponds to the Lulav which is taken all seven days.

Question: Why did Chazal decree that one should sound the flute in these days of Halel and why during the Simchas Beis Hasho'evah?

Answer: Because they are both performed at specific times and they are both especially dear Mitzvos.

A later Mishnah teaches: On Shavuos (that occurs on Shabbos, where there are both Lechem HaPanim and Shtei Lechem to divide amongst the Kohanim), the distributor says to them, "Take Matzah, take leaven".

A Beraisa teaches - "Take leaven, take Matzah".

The Mishnah says Matzah (Shtei Halechem) first because it is dear. The Beraisa says leaven (Lechem HaPanim) first because it is more frequent.