REDEEMING ACCORDING TO THE LOWEST VALUE (Yerushalmi Ma'aser Sheni Perek 4 Halachah 1 Daf 21b)
ëîåú ùäçðåðé ìå÷ç ìà ëîåú ùäåà îåëø. ëîåú ùäùåìçðé ôåøè ìà ëîåú ùäåà îöøó.
The Mishnah taught, '(It's redeemed) according to the price the shopkeeper pays (his supplier) rather than the retail price; or according to the price the money changer buys smaller denominations rather than the price he sells smaller denominations.'
[ãó ìä òîåã á (òåæ åäãø)] òã ëãåï ãáø îøåáä äéä ãáø îîåòè
Question: Until this point we have only discussed redeeming with the low value (of the shopkeeper or money changer etc.) if there is a large amount of Ma'aser Sheni. What if there is only a small amount?
àôéìå ëï ëîåú ùäçðååðé ìå÷ç ìà ëîåú ùäåà îåëø ëîåú ùäùåìçðé ôåøè ìà ëîåú ùäåà îöøó.
Answer: Even then, (it's redeemed) according to the price the shopkeeper pays (his supplier) rather than the retail price; or according to the price the money changer buys smaller denominations rather than the price he sells smaller denominations.
øá ðçîï áø éò÷á îçåé çåúì ìðâø' åîôø÷ òì ôåîéä.
Rav Nachman bar Yaakov showed a date branch basket to an evaluator and redeemed based on his evaluation.
ø' éðàé îçåé øåáò çéèéï ìçèåðéà åîôø÷ òì ôåîéä.
R. Yannai showed a quarter Kav of wheat to a wheat merchant and redeemed based on his evaluation.
øáé ñéîåï çååé ôéøéï ìøáé çì÷éä à''ì áùååéäï à''ì ëï
R. Simon showed his produce of Ma'aser Sheni to R. Chilkiyah and asked him if he had evaluated them according to their actual value. R. Chilkiyah replied that he had.
àîø øáé çì÷éä áùí øáé ñéîåï àéï ôåãéï îòùø ùðé òì ôé äùåèéí.
(R. Chilkiyah citing R. Simon): We do not redeem Ma'aser Sheni according to the fools (who don't know to accurately evaluate).
øáé ôéðçñ çååé ôéøéï [ãó ëá òîåã à] ìâøåñä à''ì áùååéäï.
R. Pinchas once showed his produce to a bean grinder and asked him if he had redeemed them according to their value.
à''ì äëéï à''ø çì÷éä áùí øáé ñéîåï àéï ôåãéï [îò''ù] òì ôé äùåèéï.
(Bean grinder to R. Pinchas): R. Chilkiyah cited from R. Simon that we do not redeem Ma'aser Sheni according to the fools (and therefore I cannot help you as I am not expert at evaluating).
à''ø ùîé ëîä ãáø ðù áòé (áèäøú èäåøä)[áèéäøà] áú÷åôú úîåæ áúø áìðé îñé÷ ìæåøæééä îéúé äôøéèéï åîéôø÷éðéä.
(R. Simi): When the Mishnah permitted selling according to the cheapest price, it also refers to when the price is low based on other factors, such as when he is selling in the summer in the heat of the day; or when the seller is exhausted from visiting the bathhouse; or when he is carrying a load - in such cases a person may immediately bring coins and redeem (at that low price).
àîø øáé éøîéä ëîä ãáø ðù áòé áòøåáúà áôúé øîùà îðùééà ÷ìòï åîòáéø òìéäï åîééúé ôøéèé åîôø÷éðéä.
(R. Yirmiyah): It may be redeemed at the price of produce on Erev Shabbos, close to Shabbos from women who are braiding their hair for Shabbos, and he passes by them to buy produce from them (when the price is low) - a person may immediately bring coins and redeem (at that low price).
à''ø éåãï áø âãéà øáé éò÷á áø áåï îðéçéï òìéå òã ùéëîåùå [ãó ìå òîåã à (òåæ åäãø)] åôåãä àåúï îåöàé ùáú îéã.
(R. Yudan bar Gadya/ R. Yaakov bar Bun): (When a person picks produce on Erev Shabbos, he does not need to immediately redeem them; rather, he can leave them until the leaves dry out and redeem them after Shabbos ends, when they are cheap.
øáé îðà ä''ì îùç åàçúéä ìòëå. à''ì øáé çééà áø àãà àéï ääåà îéùçä ãáéú îò÷ä ÷ééí äà òðúê ãéôø÷ðéä ãìà èá ùéúà îéðéä.
R. Mana had Ma'aser Sheni oil and he took it to Akko. R. Chiya bar Adda said to him - if you still have oil in Beis Maakeh, now is the time to redeem it, as (the price of oil has decreased significantly and) it's not even worth a sixth of its (regular) value.
à''ø éåçðï ôåãéï îòùø ùðé òì ôé â' ì÷åçåú åàôéìå àçã îäï âåé àôéìå àçã îäï áòì.
(R. Yochanan): (The Mishnah taught (earlier Bechoros 51(d)) that if its value is unknown, it is redeemed based on the evaluation of three.) One may redeem Ma'aser Sheni according to (the evaluation of) three buyers, even if one is a gentile or one is the owner himself.
øáé éåðä áòé ùðéäí âåéí ìà ùðéäí áòìéí ìà. àçã âåé åàçã áòì ìà.
Question (R. Yona): If it's true to say that it cannot be evaluated if two are gentiles, or if two are the owners; is it also true to say that if one (of the three) is a gentile and another is the owner, it should not be permitted?
àìà ìöããéï àéúàîøú:
Answer: R. Yochanan meant that either (if one is a gentile with two Jews or if one is the owner with two Jews or if one is a gentile and another is the owner, they cannot combine to evaluate).