[53a - 36 lines; 53b - 43 lines]
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We recommend using the textual changes suggested by the Bach and the marginal notes of the Vilna Shas. This section is devoted to any other important corrections that Acharonim have pointed out in the Gemara, Rashi and Tosfos.
[1] Gemara 53b [line 35]:
The words "u'Makish Ma'asar Behemah" ומקיש מעשר בהמה
should be "Makish Ma'asar Behemah" מקיש מעשר בהמה
[2] Rashi 53b DH u'Meshanei Keivan ד"ה ומשני כיון:
From the Shitah Mekubetzes #7 we learn that
the words "Edrei Peturim ha'Noladim" עדרי פטורים הנולדים
should be "Edrei Pesulim ha'Noladim" עדרי פסולים הנולדים
[3] Rashi 53b DH Mah Ma'aser ד"ה מה מעשר:
The words "ha'Yotzei Shanah Atah Me'aser" היוצא שנה אתה מעשר
should be "ha'Yotzei Shanah Shanah Atah Me'aser" היוצא שנה שנה אתה מעשר
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PEREK MA'ASAR BEHEMAH
1)[line 33]מעשרMA'ASER (MA'ASAR BEHEMAH)
(a)Every year, a person must collect all of the Kosher animals that were born during that year into a corral. As they leave the corral through a narrow opening, one by one, the owner counts them and marks every tenth one as Ma'asar Behemah. The Mitzvah of Ma'asar Behemah is stated in Vayikra (27:32), "v'Chol Ma'asar Bakar va'Tzon, Kol Asher Ya'avor Tachas ha'Shavet, ha'Asiri Yiheyeh Kodesh la'Sh-m." - "And all of the herds and flocks shall be tithed as they are counted under the rod, every tenth one being consecrated to HaSh-m."
(b)Ma'asar Behemah is eaten by its owner. If it has no Mum (blemish or defect), it is offered as a Korban. After the blood and Eimurim (certain fats and organs of the Korban; see Background to Menachos 74:20) are offered on the Mizbe'ach, its meat is eaten by its owner in Yerushalayim during the following two days and the intervening night. An animal of Ma'asar Behemah may not be sold (Vayikra 27:33); however, if it has a Mum, the owner may slaughter and eat it anywhere. (SEFER HA'CHINUCH #360-361)
2)[line 5]בחדש ובישןB'CHADASH UV'YASHAN- it is practiced with new offspring of this year and the old offspring of the previous year. (The new year for Ma'asar Behemah begins on the first of Elul.)
3)[line 30]מחרימיןMACHRIMIN (CHARAMIM)
There are two types of Charamim (a type of vow or pledge in which one pronounces "This object should be a Cherem"):
1.Chermei Kohanim, which are given to the Kohanim for their personal use and cannot be redeemed from the Kohen (see Bamidbar 18:14);
2.Chermei Gavo'ah, which are given to the Beis ha'Mikdash for the Bedek ha'Bayis and can be redeemed like any other Hekdesh. Our Beraisa is referring to Chermei Shamayim.
53b----------------------------------------53b
4)[line 14]לא שכיחיLO SHECHICHEI- because of this, not enough animals will be available for Korbanos
5)[line 15]קדשים קליםKODSHIM KALIM
The term Kodshim Kalim refers to the Korbenos Shelamim, Todah, Ma'asar Behemah, Pesach and Bechor, which have a lesser degree of sanctity. They may be slaughtered in the entire Azarah (and not only in its northern part) and may be eaten in the entire city of Yerushalayim by men or women. A Bechor that is offered on the Mizbe'ach may only be eaten by male Kohanim; the others can be eaten by any Jew.
6)[line 27]אבל מקדישין אותו הקדש עילויAVAL MAKDISHIN OSO HEKDESH ILUY- one can be Makdish the value of the benefit that may be derived from Kodshei Mizbe'ach; e.g. that he can give them to the Kohen of his choice, who after offering them will eat the permissible parts himself
7)[line 28]ומחרימין אותוMACHRIMIN OSO- we can make them Cherem for Kohanim
8)[line 39]ומה ראיתU'MAH RA'ISA- what did you see that made you decide to interpret the verses in this manner, and not the opposite way?
9)[line 40]אין תורמין ממין על שאינו מינוEIN TORMIN MI'MIN AL SHE'EINO MINO
See Chart #12 to Bechoros 54a-b.
10)[line 42]"כל חלב יצהר וכל חלב תירוש ודגן ...""KOL CHELEV YITZHAR V'CHOL CHELEV TIROSH V'DAGAN ..."- "The [dedicated] choice portion of oil and the [dedicated] choice portion of wine and grain ..." (Bamidbar 18:12)