1)

WHAT IS CONSIDERED A CHILD? (Yerushalmi Perek 3 Halachah 2 Daf 10a)

øáé áà øáé éøîéä áùí øá ãáøé øáé òã ùéäå ëì äôðéí ãåîéï ìàãí åãáøé çëîéí àôéìå àçã îï äñéîðéï åãáøé ø"ù áï éåçé àôéìå öôøðéå.

(a)

(R. Ba citing R. Yirmeyah citing Rav): Rebbi holds that the entire face must resemble a man. Chachamim hold, even one of the Simanim. R. Shimon ben Yochai holds, even his fingernails [suffice].

øáé ôéðçñ áòé îçìôä ùéèúéä ãø"ù áï éåçé úîï äåà àåîø òã ùéäå øàùå åøåáå ãåîéï ìàîå åäëà äåà àîø äëéï

(b)

Question (R. Pinchas): R. Shimon ben Yochai contradicts himself! There, he says that [one may eat the child of a cow] only if Rosho and Rubo resemble its mother, and here he says so (even his fingernails suffice)?!

ëàï áàãí ëàï ááäîä.

(c)

Answer: Here he discusses a person. There he discusses an animal.

àîø øáé áà øáé çééä øåáä àæì ìãøåîà ùàìåï ìéä øáé çîà àáéå ãøáé äåùòéä åáø ÷ôøà ëåìå àãí åôðéå áäîä îäå

(d)

(R. Ba): R. Chiyah Rubah went to the south. R. Chama the father of R. Hoshayah, and Bar Kapara, asked him, if it is entirely human, just its face is of an animal, what is the law?

àúà åùàì ìøáé àîø ìéä [ãó é òîåã á] öà åëúåá ìäï àéðå ååìã

1.

R. Chiyah went and asked Rebbi. He told him, go write for them 'it is not a child.' (ALEI TAMAR - he told him to write outside the Beis Midrash, for oral Torah should not be written. However, one may write a Chidush that is prone to be forgotten - see Rashi Shabbos 6b DH Megilas.)

àîø øáé éøîéä ðô÷ æåâà ìáø ùàìåï ìéä øáé çîà àáåé ãøáé äåùòéä åáø ÷ôøà ùúé òéðéå èåçåú îäå

(e)

(R. Yirmeyah): Zuga (a Chacham) went outside. R. Chama the father of R. Hoshayah, and Bar Kapara, asked him, if both of its eyes are flat (the form is not recognized), what is the law?

àúà åùàéì ìøáé à"ì öà åëúåá ìäï àéðå ååìã

1.

[Zuga] went and asked Rebbi. He told him, go write for them 'it is not a child.'

àîø øáé éåñé áé øáé áåï øáé ëãòúéä ãøáé àîø òã ùéäå ëì äôðéí ãåîéï ìàãí.

(f)

(R. Yosi bei R. Bun): Rebbi said like his opinion. Rebbi holds that [it is a child] only if the entire face resembles a man.

ôðéå îîåñîñåú îäå

(g)

Question: If the face is mashed (and the form is recognized slightly), what is the law?

øáé éñà àîø àéúôìâåï øáé éåçðï åø"ù áï ì÷éù øáé éåçðï àîø àéðå ååìã ø"ù áï ì÷éù àîø ååìã äåà

(h)

Answer (R. Yosa): R. Yochanan and Reish Lakish argue about this. R. Yochanan says that it is not a child, and Reish Lakish says that it is a child.

àîø øáé æòéøà ìà ãø' éåçðï àîø àéðå ååìã ëì ãëï àìà àéðå ååìã ìäåùéá àú àîå éîé èåäø àáì ååìã äåà ìäåùéá àú àîå éîé ìéãä

(i)

(R. Ze'ira): R. Yochanan did not say that it is not a child at all. Rather, it is not a child for his mother to have Yemei Tohar, but it is a child for her to have Yemei [Tum'as] Leidah.

øáé éåçðï àîø áùí øáé éðàé åéøëúå àèåîä àéðå ååìã

(j)

(R. Yochanan citing R. Yanai): If its thigh is Atum (missing, i.e. no leg branches off from the torso), it is not a child.

øáé éåçðï áùí øáé éåñé áé øáé éäåùò èéáåøå àèåí àéðå ååìã

(k)

(R. Yochanan citing R. Yosi bei R. Yehoshua): If its navel is Atum, it is not a child.

øáé éåçðï áùí øáé æëàé ð÷åáúå àèåîä àéðå ååìã

(l)

(R. Yochanan citing R. Zakai): If its Nekavav (through which one urinates and excretes) are Atum, it is not a child.

øáé æòéøà áùí âéãåì âåìâåìúå àèåîä àéðå ååìã:

(m)

(R. Ze'ira citing Gidul): If its skull is Atum, it is not a child.