[17a - 42 lines; 17b - 25 lines]
1)[line 1]קורא את השם, ואינו צריך להפרישKOREI ES HA'SHEM, V'EINO TZARICH LE'HAFRISH- one need only designate Ma'aser Ani of Demai by name, and he need not separate it physically from the produce
2)[line 2]ודאי טובלוVADAI TUVLO- if there is a definite obligation to separate Ma'aser Ani, the produce is forbidden to eat because of Tevel
3)[line 6]לא נחשדו עמי הארץ על מעשר עני של דמאיLO NECHSHADU AMEI HA'ARETZ AL MA'ASER ANI SHEL DEMAI- we do not suspect an Am ha'Aretz (an unlearned Jew who is lax in his Torah-observance; see Berachos 47b) regarding separating Ma'aser Ani of Demai
4)[line 8]דטריחא ליה מילתאD'TRICHA LEI MILSA- it is a troublesome matter for an Am ha'Aretz to separate Ma'aser Ani, so he does not separate it
5)[line 14]כברייתהKIV'RIYASAH- [the case of an ant is different because it is] in the form in which it was created; i.e., a whole creature
6)[line 16]ברית נשמה חשובהBERIYAS NESHAMAH CHASHUVAH- a whole living creature is significant
7)[line 19]קדשי קדשיםKODSHEI KODASHIM
(a)The term Kodshei Kodashim refers to the Korbenos Olah, Chatas, and Asham (and Menachos), which have a greater degree of sanctity. They may only be slaughtered in the northern part of the Azarah, and those parts that may be eaten may only be eaten in the Azarah by male Kohanim.
(b)Kodshei Kodashim that become Pesulim (invalid), in a case when the Pesul occurred before the Zerikas ha'Dam, are burned in the Beis ha'Deshen in the Azarah (see above, entry #23:a:2). This includes the meat and the Eimurim of Kodshei ha'Kodashim and the Parim and Se'irim ha'Nisrafim (the bulls and goats, the remains of which are burned).
8)[line 19]חוץ לקלעיםCHUTZ LA'KELA'IM- outside of the curtains [of the Courtyard surrounding the Mishkan, or the wall of the Azarah of the Beis ha'Mikdash, which is forbidden]
9)[line 19]קדשים קליםKODSHIM KALIM
(a)The term Kodshim Kalim refers to the Korbenos Shelamim, Todah, Ma'aser Behemah, Pesach, and Bechor, which have a lesser degree of sanctity. They may be slaughtered in the entire Azarah (and not only in its northern part), and may be eaten in the entire city of Yerushalayim by men or women.
(b)The Eimurim are the fats and other parts of the Korban that are burned on the Mizbe'ach. They consist of:
1.the layer of fat covering the stomachs;
2.all other fat attached to the stomachs;
3.the two kidneys;
4.the fat on the kidneys;
5.The Yoseres, which is either the diaphragm (RASHI, RADAK) or a lobe of the liver (RAV HAI GA'ON)
6.In the case of a sheep, the fat tail (Vayikra 3).
(c)When the Eimurim became Pesulim before the Zerikas ha'Dam, they were burned in the Beis ha'Deshen in the Azarah (see above, entry #23:a:2).
10)[line 19]ומעשר שניMA'SER SHENI
(a)During the first, second, fourth, and fifth years of the seven-year Shemitah cycle, the second tithe is called Ma'aser Sheni. Ma'aser Sheni must be brought to Yerushalayim and eaten there while one is in a state of purity (Devarim 14:22-27).
(b)If it is impractical to bring the actual food to Yerushalayim, Ma'aser Sheni produce may be redeemed with money. This money receives the status of Ma'aser Sheni, and is then brought to Yerushalayim. In Yerushalayim the money is used to buy food, which in turn receives the Kedushah of Ma'aser Sheni and must be eaten b'Taharah in Yerushalayim.
(c)If the owner of the Ma'aser Sheni redeems his own Ma'aser, he must add a fifth of the total value (equal to a quarter of the original value) onto the money used (Vayikra 27:30-31); if someone else redeems it, he may do so with money equal to the value of the Ma'aser.
(d)Until Terumah and Ma'asros have been properly separated, the produce is termed "Tevel" and may not be eaten. The word "Tevel" means a mixture, and can be used to refer to any produce from which one must separate a part. If one intentionally eats Tevel, then he receives Misah b'Yedei Shamayim (see Background to Sukah 25:25).
11)[line 20]השובר את העצם בפסח הטהורHASHOVER ES HA'ETZEM BA'PESACH HA'TAHOR- one who breaks the bone of a Pesach offering that is Tahor receives 40 lashes for violating a Torah prohibition (Shemos 12:46).
12)[line 21]המותירHA'MOSIR- although it is forbidden to leave the Pesach offering overnight, one who does so does not receive Malkus.
13)[line 24]זו דברי רבי עקיבא סתימתאהZO DIVREI REBBE AKIVA SETIMTA'AH- these are the words of Rebbi Akiva, the unnamed authority; i.e. Rebbi recorded many Mishnayos that follow the opinion of Rebbi Akiva without quoting his name
14)[line 28]קל וחומר ממעשר הקלKAL VA'CHOMER MI'MA'ASER HA'KAL- we would know that prohibition through a Kal va'Chomer from Ma'aser Sheni, which is more lenient than Bikurim.
17b----------------------------------------17b
15)[line 2]דילידא אמיה, כרבי שמעון תילידDILIDA IMEI K'RABI SHIMON TELID- one whose mother is giving birth should pray that she give birth to one like Rebbi Shimon.
16)[line 4]פירכאPIRCHA- a question
17)[line 6]לאונןONEN - a mourner immediately after a close relative's death (ANINUS)
(a)A person is called an Onen mid'Oraisa on the day of death of one of his seven closest relatives for whom he is required to arrange for burial (i.e. father, mother, brother, sister, son, daughter, and wife). Chazal (Zevachim 101a) learn the Halachah of Aninus from the verse, "v'Achalti Chatas ha'Yom, ha'Yitav b'Einei HaSh-m?" (Vayikra 10:19). Among the Halachos that apply to an Onen is that a Kohen Onen is prohibited from doing the Avodah (Divine service) in the Beis ha'Mikdash unless he is the Kohen Gadol (Vayikra 10:7, 21:1-4). Moreover, an Onen (even the Kohen Gadol) may not eat Kodshim, or Ma'aser Sheni (Devarim 26:14). In our Gemara, Rava points out that according to Rebbi Shimon, an Onen is permitted to eat Bikurim (Yevamos 73b).
(b)Besides the prohibitions against an Onen performing the Avodah and eating Kodshim, etc., which are mid'Oraisa, the Rabanan extended the prohibitions even after Aninus mid'Oraisa has passed. However, the Tana'im and Rishonim argue as to the nature of this Gezeirah. They also argue as to whether Aninus mid'Oraisa always applies for the entire day or for part of the day in certain cases. With regard to these questions, Aninus may be broken into five time periods, as follows:
1.The day of death, before burial: According to all opinions Aninus mid'Oraisa applies, as above.
2.The day of death, after burial: According to Rashi (Pesachim 90b DH ha'Onen, Zevachim 15b DH Onen) only Aninus mid'Rabanan applies. According to the Ramban (Toras ha'Adam) Aninus mid'Oraisa still applies.
3.The night after the day of death (according to Rashi in #2, before burial; according to Ramban in #2, even after burial): The Tana'im argue if the Aninus is mid'Oraisa or mid'Rabanan (Zevachim 99b). Most of the Rishonim rule that the Aninus is not mid'Oraisa but rather mid'Rabanan.
4.Any day after the day of death, even if the body has not been buried: Aninus only applies mid'Rabanan (Zevachim 100b) until the end of the day of burial. Also on the day of "Likut Atzamos" (when the remains of one of the close relatives are exhumed and re-buried elsewhere), the Rabanan decreed that the person is an Onen for that entire day.
5.The night after the day of burial: The Tana'im (Zevachim 100b) argue whether the person is an Onen mid'Rabanan or not at all, and the Halachah follows the opinion that he is not an Onen at all.
18)[line 7]מתן דמים ואימורין לגבי מזבחMATAN DAMIM V'EIMURIN L'GABEI MIZBE'ACH- since it did not require that its blood be cast on the Mizbe'ach (see Background to Makos 14:33), nor that its Eimurim (see above, entry #9:b) be burned upon the Mizbe'ach
19)[line 9]כסף צורהKESEF TZURAH- Ma'aser Sheni requires minted coins for its redemption.
20)[line 11]סמיכהSEMICHAH (SEMICHAH OF KORBANOS)
(a)Semichah refers to the Mitzvah for a person to press his hands with all his might on the head of his animal sacrifice (and not a bird sacrifice) before it is slaughtered (Vayikra 1:4).
(b)Women are not required to perform Semichah since the verse states, "Daber El Benei Yisrael... v'Samach" - "Speak to the sons of Yisrael (and not to the daughters)... and he shall perform Semichah" (Vayikra 1:2-4).
21)[line 12]ונסכיםNESACHIM
(a)Whenever a Korban Olah or Shelamim (including a Korban Todah) are brought, a flour offering consisting of flour and oil, and a wine libation, are brought with the Korban (Bamidbar 15:3-12). The flour offering, known as Minchas Nesachim, is completely burned on the Mizbe'ach. The wine libation, known as Nesachim, is poured into one of the Sefalim (the silver libation pipes located at the top of the southwest corner of the Mizbe'ach) (RAMBAM and RA'AVAD Hilchos Ma'aseh ha'Korbanos 2:1).
(b)The amount of flour, oil, and wine needed depends upon the animal offered, as specified in Bamidbar (ibid., see Background to Sotah 15:9).
22)[line 12]ותנופת חזה ושוקU'SENUFAS CHAZEH VA'SHOK (TENUFAH)
(a)Certain Korbanos (or parts thereof) and meal-offerings are waved as part of the Korban-offering process. This waving is called Tenufah.
(b)When Tenufah is done, the Kohen who is performing the offering, together with the owner of the offering (when it is not a Korban Tzibur), waves the offering in all four directions and up and down (RASHI Menachos 62a DH Molich; TOSFOS to Sukah 37b DH Kedei, questions whether all Tenufos were done in this fashion or whether some Tenufos only required lifting and lowering).
(c)Tenufah is done for the parts of the Korban Shelamim that are given to the Kohanim, i.e. the Chazeh (breast) and Shok (thigh), along with the fats that will be burnt on the Mizbe'ach (Vayikra 7:30-34).
23)[line 12]חזהCHAZEH- breast
24)[line 12]ושוקV'SHOK- and the thigh
25)[line 15]כלילKALIL- it shall be entirely offered; it was totally burned on the fires of the Mizbe'ach
26)[line 17]דאית בהו שתי אכילותD'IS BEHU SHETEI ACHILOS- that it has two consumptions. The Mizbe'ach consumes the sacrificial parts, and the Kohanim consume the rest of the meat.
27)[line 19]מסרס ליה לקראME'SARES LEI LIKRA- he wondrously inverts the verse
28)[line 20]מזהירין מן הדיןMAZHIRIN MIN HA'DIN
(a)We do not administer corporal punishments through deriving them from an exegetical process such as a Kal va'Chomer or Binyan Av. Rather, it must be written in the Torah explicitly, or learned from a Hekesh or Gezeirah Shavah.
(b)Two verses are assigned to every physical punishment (such as the death penalty) ascribed by the Torah to the violation of a particular prohibition. The first, called Azharah, is the verse which contains the Mitzvas Lo Sa'aseh stating that the act is prohibited. The second, called Onesh, is the verse which prescribes the exact punishment. Neither of these can be replaced with a derivation from a Kal va'Chomer. This is referred to as Ein Onshin Min ha'Din, and Ein Mazhirin Min ha'Din.
(c)For example, the Torah explicitly prohibits, with a punishment of Sereifah, a man from living with his daughter's daughter (Vayikra 18:10), but it does not explicitly prohibit living with one's own daughter. If not for a Gezeirah Shavah, we would not be able to administer a punishment to one who sins with his daughter, because "Ein Onshin Min ha'Din" (Sanhedrin 76a).
(d)There are exceptions to this rule. For example, if the Kal va'Chomer is but a Giluy Milsa (proof of the meaning of the words in a verse), then the punishment can be derived through that Giluy Milsa. (See Insights to Nazir 44:1, Bava Kama 2:2.)