(Mishnah): Further, R. Yehudah says that one can stipulate about a basket [of Tevel] on Yom [Tov] Rishon. (He separates the proper amounts, and says 'if today is Chol, these are Terumah and Ma'aseros.') On Yom Sheni he [repeats this declaration and] eats it;

Similarly, if an egg was laid on Yom Rishon, one may eat it on Yom Sheni. (If Yom Rishon was Chol, the Hachanah was on Yom Chol. If Yom Sheni was Chol, we are not concerned for Hachanah.)

Chachamim did not agree with R. Yehudah.

(Gemara): And he says 'if today is Yom Tov, my words are Batel.'' He is Korei Shem (declares) Ma'aseros and does not eat [the Peros]. On Yom Sheni he declares Ma'aseros and eats [the Peros].

Contradiction: R. Yehudah contradicts himself! There he considers [Shabbos next to Yom Tov] like one Kedushah, and here he considers [the two days of Yom Tov] like two Kedushos!

Answer: There, it is one long Kedushah. However, here one day [of Yom Tov] is Kodesh, and [the other] one is Chol.

Contradiction: Rabanan contradict themselves! There they consider [Shabbos next to Yom Tov] like two Kedushos, and here they consider [the two days of Yom Tov] like one Kedushah!

Answer: There, Yom Tov next to Shabbos is like Chol next to Shabbos. However, here, both of them are the same.

Chachamim agree with R. Yehudah about the two days of Yom Tov of Rosh Hashanah. They are an enactment from early Nevi'im.

(R. Ba citing R. Chiyah citing R. Yochanan): "Bnei Imi Nicharu Vi'' - what caused me (Bnei Yisrael) "Noterah Es ha'Keramimn'' (to guard vineyards)? It is because "Karmi Sheli Lo Natarti'' (I did not guard my vineyard);

What caused me to guard two days [of Yom Tov] in Chutz la'Aretz? It is because I did not guard one day in Eretz [Yisrael].

I thought that I will receive reward for two, and I will receive reward only for one [for really, only one day is Kodesh].

What caused me to separate two Chalos in Surya? (One is burned, and one is given to a Kohen.) It is because I did not separate one in Eretz [Yisrael].

I thought that I will receive reward for two, and I will receive reward only for one.

R. Yochanan applied to [people in Chutz la'Aretz] "v'Gam Ani Nasati Lahem Chukim Lo Tovim'' (they do not receive reward for the second day of Yom Tov or the second Chalah).

R. Avahu went to Alexandria. He obligated them to take the Lulav on Shabbos (he knew that Yom Tov was on Shabbos). R. Ami heard, and said "can R. Avahu bring to them every year [word of which day was Rosh Hashanah? They will do so every year, even when they are not sure!'' In Eretz Yisrael, where they found out before Sukos which day was Rosh Hashanah, they took the Lulav on the first day, even if it is Shabbos.]

R. Yosi sent a letter to them "even though we [fixed the calendar] and wrote to you the times of the Mo'adim, do not change the custom of your departed ancestors'' (We explained this like SHA'AREI TORAS ERETZ YISRAEL.)