[23a - 52 lines; 23b - 50 lines]
1)[line 8]מי חטאתMEI CHATAS - The water containing the ashes of the Parah Adumah
If a person (or utensil) became Tamei through touching a Mes, he must wait seven days to become Tahor. On the third and seventh days he must have spring water mixed with the ashes of the Parah Adumah (Mei Chatas) sprinkled on him. A person who is Tahor dips three Ezov branches that have been bound together into the mixture, and sprinkles them on the person who is Tamei. On the seventh day, he immerses in a Mikvah after the mixture is sprinkled on him in order to complete his Taharah. (Bamidbar 19:17-19)
2)[line 8]ואפר חטאתEFER CHATAS - The ashes of the Parah Adumah
The Parah Adumah, an exclusively red-haired female cow, is burned on Har ha'Zeisim and its ashes are used for making a person Tahor if he is Tamei Mes. Only a cow that has not had a yoke placed upon it and has had no other work done with it is fit to be used as a Parah Adumah. A place is prepared for its slaughter on Har ha'Zeisim, opposite the gate to the Azarah (the courtyard of the Beis ha'Mikdash). After it is slaughtered, its blood is sprinkled in the direction of the Beis ha'Mikdash seven times. A cedar branch, some Ezov branches and a piece of crimson wool are thrown into the carcass of the cow while it is burning. (Bamidbar 19:1-22)
3)[line 10]ולא ישיטםV'LO YESHITEM- and he may not float them
4)[line 31]צינוראTZINORA- saliva
5)[line 36]שפופרתSHEFOFERES- a hollow reed
6)[line 50]במעורבי שמשME'URAVEI HA'SHEMESH- a person who was Tamei who has waited until nightfall (lit. for whom the sun has set) after Tevilah, completing his purification (and not with a Tevul Yom - see below, entry #15)
23b----------------------------------------23b
7)[line 1]עשאוה כטמא שרץASA'UHA K'TAMEI SHERETZ- that is, since the Kli was made for use with ashes of a Parah Adumah, the Rabanan were more stringent and gave it the status of a Rishon (a Kli that touched a Sheretz) after it was completed b'Taharah, rather than the status of a Sheni, like a normal Kli that was completed b'Taharah. Since it was given the status of a Rishon, it would be expected for it to become Tahor only after the sunset following its Tevilah (He'erev Shemesh).
8)[line 6]עשאוה כטמא מת בשביעי שלוASA'UHA K'TAMEI MES BI'SHEVI'I SHELO- that is, the Rabanan gave it the status of an Av ha'Tum'ah (similar to a Tamei Mes that has already waited seven days to become Tahor, and had Haza'ah on the third and seventh days, and now only requires Tevilah to become Tahor). They did not give it the status of a Sheni l'Tum'ah, like other Kelim ha'Nigmarim b'Taharah.
9)[line 9]קורדוםKORDOM- an axe or hatchet
10)[line 9]מושבMOSHAV
(a)A Zav (see Background to Pesachim 66:33 for a discussion of the Tum'ah of the Zav), as well as a Zavah, Nidah or Yoledes, can cause objects that are under them to become Avos ha'Tum'ah whether they touch them or not. The objects become Tamei Midras (lit. an object that is treaded upon), otherwise known as Mishkav or Moshav ha'Zav (or the Tachton of a Zav). An object (other than earthenware objects, or Klei Cheres) that is under a Zav or a Zavah becomes a Midras only if it was made for lying, sitting, or leaning upon.
(b)A person who touches (Maga) or carries (Masa) either a Midras or a Zav or Zavah themselves gets the status of Rishon l'Tum'ah, and so do the clothes he is wearing and other utensils (except for earthenware utensils) that he is touching at the time.
(c)Utensils or clothes that lie above the Zav also get the status of a Rishon l'Tum'ah, whether he touches them or not. These are called the Elyon of a Zav.
11)[line 10]כפהKAFAH- he turned over
12a)[line 10]סאהSE'AH- a container used for measuring a Se'ah. 1 Se'ah = 6 Kavim; 1 Kav = 4 Lugim; 1 Log = 6 Beitzim
b)[line 10]תרקבTARKAV- a container used for measuring 3 Kavim (half of a Se'ah). The word "Tarkav" is a conjunction of the words "Trei v'Kav" - "two [Kavim] plus a Kav"
13)[line 12]"והיושב על הכלי אשר ישב עליו הזב""VEHA'YOSHEV AL HA'KELI ASHER YESHEV ALAV HA'ZAV"- "And he who sits on any thing on which the Zav sat, [shall immerse his clothes, and immerse himself in [the] water [of a Mikvah], and be Tamei until nightfall.]" (Vayikra 15:6) - In Shabbos 59a, the Gemara brings another verse (Vayikra 15:4) to prove this Halachah. RASHI there states that the verse quoted by our Gemara is a mistake. Accordingly, the Girsa should be, "... V'CHOL HA'KELI ASHER YESHEV ALAV..." - "[Every bed on which the Zav lies is Tamei;] and everything on which he sits [shall be Tamei.]" (Vayikra 15:4)
14)[line 18]והלבונהHA'LEVONAH- frankincense (or oliban), a handful of which was placed on top of a Minchah (meal-offering), and which was later offered on the Mizbe'ach
15)[line 19]טבול יוםTEVUL YOM
A Tevul Yom is a person or utensil that has been immersed in a Mikvah to become Tahor for Chulin, but is still waiting for nightfall to be completely Tahor with regard to Terumah. The level of Tum'ah of a Tevul Yom is minimal; he or it is considered only a Sheni l'Tum'ah and if he or it touches Terumah or Kodesh, the Terumah or Kodesh becomes Pasul and must be burned. Chulin that he or it touches do not become Teme'im. After the following nightfall, he or it becomes completely Tahor with regard to Terumah.