(Mishnah): If one dug a pit in the Reshus ha'Rabim, and an animal fell in, he is liable;

The law is the same for a circular pit, a long and thin pit, a covered cave, or a pit that is wider at top than at bottom.

If so, why did the Torah say Bor (a standard pit)? It teaches that just like a pit is 10 Tefachim deep, which can kill, in all cases one is liable for 10 Tefachim.

If it was less than 10 Tefachim, and an ox or donkey fell in, if it died, he is exempt. If it was damaged, he is liable.

If one digs a pit in a Reshus ha'Yachid, and its opening is to Reshus ha'Rabim, or in a Reshus ha'Rabim, and its opening is to a Reshus ha'Yachid, or in Reshus ha'Yachid and its opening is to a different Reshus ha'Yachid, he is liable.

(Gemara) Question: Why it is written "Ki Yiftach Ish Bor'' and "Ki Yichreh Ish Bor'' (why is Bor repeated)?

Answer: One teaches about a pit for Misah (10 Tefachim deep), and one teaches about a pit for damage.

Note: Above (1:2), Tana'im argued about whether the Shi'ur for damage is any amount, or three Tefachim deep and four Tefachim long and wide, or the size of what fell.

(R. Yitzchak): The same applies to a pit for Misah and a pit for damage. Both were included from one verse;

When it comes to (i.e. regarding) a pit for Misah, it was taught that one is exempt for Kelim. When it comes to a pit for damage, it was taught that one is liable for Kelim. (This is unlike the Bavli, which exempts both of them for Kelim - RASHBA 3a DH Sof.)

Question: [From the verse] I know only if he dug [the pit]. If he bought or inherited it, what is the source [to obligate him]?

Answer: We learn from "Oh Ki Yichreh Ish Bor'' (it is extra, to include this. Sotah 13a expounds Kirah to be an expression of Mechirah (sale) - PF.)

Question: (One cannot inherit part of Reshus ha'Rabim. Surely, he inherited a pit in Reshus ha'Yachid, and he was Mafkir the Reshus - HA'GAON RAV C. KANIEVSKY, SHLITA.) May one make his Nezikin Hefker in Reshus ha'Rabim?!

Answer (R. Yosi bei R. Bun): It is like R. Yosi b'Ribi Yehudah, who says that three Tefachim next to a Reshus are like the Reshus. (We explained this like RIDVAZ.)

Question (R. Mana): Is depth like height? (SEDEI YEHOSHUA - an elevation from which one can fall, is one liable for it like for a pit? Shmuel (obligates for a pit even for impacting the ground, even though he did nothing to acquire the ground or make it a damager; he merely exposed it and caused the victim to fall on it and be damaged through it. The same applies to a mound from which one can fall. Rav holds that one is liable only for the dank air of a pit, which the digger created. If so, one is exempt for a mound. GILYONEI HA'SHAS - the Yerushalmi should have said 'is height like depth?' It said 'is depth like height?', for this expression is frequent in the Yerushalmi.)

Question: What is the case? If [the victim] came from the elevated side, it saw it [and should not have gone there. There is no liability in such a case!]

Answer: It came from the side on which there is a small slope.