(Mishnah): Beis Shamai says, first we wash the hands, and then we mix (add water to the wine in) the cup;

Beis Hillel says, first we mix the cup, and then we wash the hands.

Question: What is the reason of Beis Shamai?

Answer: They are concerned lest liquids on the back (outside) of the cup become Tamei through his hands, and they will be Metamei the cup.

Question: What is the reason of Beis Hillel?

Answer #1: The outside of the cup is always Tamei (i.e. one may use such a cup l'Chatchilah).

Answer #2: Washing the hands must be close to the Brachah (ha'Motzi).

(Rav Bivi citing R. Yochanan): Beis Shamai hold like R. Yosi, and Beis Hillel hold like R. Meir;

(Mishnah - R. Meir): [The distinction between the outside and handle of a Kli, i.e. one may take a Kli through its handle and we are not concerned lest he touch the outside, is] for Tamei and Tahor hands. (We are not concerned lest Tamei hands be Metamei liquid on the outside, and it will be Metamei the Kli, not lest Tahor hands become Tamei through liquids on the outside, e.g. when the outside of the Kli is Tamei);

R. Yosi says, it is only for Tahor hands. (If his hands are Tamei, he may not take it even through the handle.)

(R. Yosi citing R. Shabsi, and R. Chiya citing Reish Lakish): For Chalah (to be able to separate it b'Taharah) and to wash his hands [for a meal], one must go four Mil.

(R. Avahu citing R. Yosi bar R, Chanina): This is only in front of him (the direction he is going), but in back, we do not exert him [so much].

Question: People who guard gardens and vineyards (later, they will need to go to get water for the crops), do you consider that [the water is] in front of them (for later, they must go there) or in back of them (for now, they want to eat here)?

Answer (Mishnah): A woman may sit and separate Chalah [with a Brachah] while naked, for she can cover her [Ervah], but a man cannot;

Inference: Is this woman not inside the house [and she could get clothes], and you say that we do not exert her? [Also] here, we do not exert [people who guard gardens and vineyards! We explained this like R. SHLOMO SIRILIYO.]

(Beraisa): Water (Netilas Yadayim) before a meal is Reshus. (Usually, this means optional; here it means Mitzvah. It is called Reshus in contrast to Mayim Acharonim, which is more obligatory.) After the meal, it is Chovah. However, the first water one washes and interrupts, but the latter water, one washes and does not interrupt (this will be explained).

Note: Our text of the Tosefta (5:1) says that one may interrupt in Mayim Rishonim if he wants, but not in Mayim Acharonim. It seems that the Yerushalmi's text was different, especially since below R. Shmuel asks that Mayim Rishonim is more stringent than Mayim Acharonim, and this is left difficult.

Question: What does it mean 'one washes and interrupts'?

Answer (R. Yakov bar Acha): He washes and repeats (for the first washing is Metaher the hands, but the water on his hands is Tamei. He washes again to be Metaher the water.)

Objection (R. Shmuel bar Rav Yitzchak): He must wash and repeat, and you say that it is Reshus?! (This is more stringent than Mayim Acharonim, which you call Chovah!)

(R. Yakov bar Idi): Due to [omission of] Mayim Rishonim, a man was [assumed to be a Nochri, and he was] fed pork. Due to [omission of] Mayim Acharonim, a woman was expelled from her house. (It enabled someone to see what that woman's husband had eaten, and thereby trick her. Her husband was angry, and divorced her.) And some say that through this, three people were killed (CHAREDIM, based on RASHI Chulin 106a).

Shmuel went to Rav. He saw him eat [with his hands] covered. He asked him 'do we do so (eat like this without washing)?!' He said, I am an Istnis (very finicky. Even though I washed, I cannot touch the bread.)

When R. Ze'ira came to here (Eretz Yisrael), he saw Kohanim eating [with their hands] covered. He was astounded. He said, 'did not you not hear the episode of Rav and Shmuel (that Rav had washed his hands)!'

R. Yosi bar Rav Kahana came, and said in the name of Shmuel 'we wash the hands for Terumah; we do not wash the hands for Chulin.'

(R. Yosi): We wash for Terumah and for Chulin.

(R. Yosah citing R. Chiya bar Ashi and R. Yonah citing R. Chiya bar Ashi citing Rav): We wash the hands for Terumah until the joint (wrist), and for Chulin until the ends of the fingers.

Maisha, the grandson of R. Yehoshua ben Levi, said 'one who ate with my grandfather, and he did not wash his hands until the joint, [my grandfather] would not eat with him.'

(Rav Huna): Netilas Yadayim is only for bread.

(R. Hoshayah - Beraisa): Anything with a trace of liquid (i.e. it was dipped, and it is still wet - SEDEI YEHOSHUA) (one must wash for it).

R. Ze'ira, even if he took [wet] lupines from the pod, he would wash his hands.

(Rav): If one washed his hands in the morning, we do not exert him in the evening.

R. Avina commanded his donkey-drivers, where you find water, wash your hands and stipulate [that this permits to eat bread] for the entire day.

R. Ze'ira went to R. Avahu to Kisarin. He found him. [R. Avahu] told him 'come to eat', and gave to him a round loaf to cut, and said 'take and bless.'

R. Ze'ira: The host knows the power of his loaf (he may cut generously).

After they ate, [R. Avahu] told him 'take [the cup of Birkas ha'Mazon] and bless.'

R. Zeira: Rebbi (you) know Rav Huna, that he is a great [Chacham], and Rav Huna says that the one who begins (blesses ha'Motzi), he finishes (blesses Birkas ha'Mazon).

Question (against Rav Huna - Tosefta): The order of Netilas Yadayim - [before eating - CHAREDIM,] if there are up to five people, we begin with the greatest. (In the time that he needs to prepare to bless, the others will suffice to wash.) If there are more than five, we begin with the smallest (it is not honorable for the greatest to wait for the others to wash);

In the middle of the meal (washing between courses), we begin with the greatest (there is no Brachah, so he need not wait for anyone). At the end of the meal, we begin with the one who will bless.

Is this not so he will [know that he will bless, and prepare] himself to bless? If you will say that the one who begins, he finishes, he already [knew, and] prepared!

Answer (R. Yitzchak): The case is, people entered [to eat] gradually (no one blessed ha'Motzi for everyone), so they do not know who will bless.

(Mishnah - Beis Shamai): One cleans his hands with a napkin, and leaves it on the table;

Beis Hillel says, [he leaves it] on the pillow.

(Gemara): Our Mishnah discusses a table of marble, or of parts, which does not receive Tum'ah. (HA'GAON RAV C. KANIEVSKY, SHLITA - a wooden table that can be dissembled, it is like a Pashut Kli Etz, which is not Mekabel Tum'ah.)

Question: What is the reason of Beis Shamai?

Answer: It is lest liquids on the napkin become Tamei through the pillow, and return to be Metamei his hands.

Question: What is the reason of Beis Hillel?

Answer #1: It is because a Safek about liquids [to be Metamei hands] is Tahor.

Answer #2: There is no [need to wash] hands for Chulin.

Question: Do Beis Shamai hold that there is [a need to wash] hands for Chulin?!

Remark: We can answer like R. Shimon ben Elazar, or like R. Eliezer bei R. Tzadok.

Answer #1: We can answer like R. Shimon ben Elazar;

(Beraisa - R. Shimon ben Elazar citing R. Meir): Hands [that became Tamei] are considered a Rishon [l'Tum'ah] for Chulin and a Sheni for Terumah.

Answer #2: We can answer like R. Eliezer bei R. Tzadok;

(Mishnah): Chulin processed Al Taharas ha'Kodesh are like Chulin (they receive Tum'ah only from an Av or Rishon). R. Eliezer bei R. Tzadok says, they are like Terumah - [an Av ha'Tum'ah is] Metamei two [foods - the first is a Rishon, and the second is a Sheni] and disqualify one (the third is not Metamei a fourth).

(Mishnah): One who anoints with Tahor oil, and he became Tamei, and he descended and immersed - Beis Shamai say, even if it is dripping from him, it is Tahor (it is Batel to im). Beis Hillel say, [if it is] enough to anoint a small limb, it is Tamei;

If the oil was initially Tamei, Beis Shamai say, if it is enough to anoint a small limb [it is Tamei]. Beis Hillel say, [even] if it is a liquid Tofe'ach (his skin wets what touches it);

R. Yehudah says according to]. Beis Hillel [even] if it is Tofe'ach u'Matfi'ach (what touches it can wet something else);

Contradiction: Beis Hillel contradict themselves! There they say that [if the oil is Tofe'ach], it is Tamei, and here they say that [one may put the napkin on the pillow, even though surely there is liquid Tofe'ach on it, for] it is Tahor!

Answer: There, [the oil is] intact. Here, [the liquid] is absorbed in the napkin. (We explained this like MAHARA FULDA.)

(Mishnah -Beis Shamai): First we sweep the house [where we ate], and then we wash the hands [Mayim Acharonim];

Beis Hillel says, first we wash, and then we sweep the house.

(Gemara) Question: What is the reason of Beis Shamai?

Answer: It is due to wasting food (lest water spill on crumbs on the table more than a k'Zayis).

Question: What is the reason of Beis Hillel?

Answer: If the servant is astute, he removes crumbs on the table [at least] a k'Zayis and leave [crumbs] less than a k'Zayis. Therefore we wash, and then we sweep the house.