Question (R. Yirmeyah citing R. Yochanan): Early Chachamim asked, may the left hand help the right [to hold] the Kos Shel Brachah?

Inference: We learn three things from [the question]. He must hold [the Kos Shel Brachah] in the right hand, the hand must be a Tefach above the table (if not, he would not need the left hand to help; he could support his right hand on the table), and he must put his eyes on the cup. (Presumably, this is why it must be a Tefach above the table - SEDEI YEHOSHUA.)

(R. Acha): Three things were said about the Kos Shel Brachah - it must be full, be crowned (surrounded with other full cups) and rinsed.

All three are [hinted at] in one verse - "Naftoli Seva Ratzon u'Malei Birkas Hashem'' - Seva is crowned (this shows satiation), Ratzon is rinsed (people are happy to drink from it), and Malei like it connotes (full).

(R. Chanina): If you did so, what is written there? "Yam v'Darom Yerashah'' - you merit to inherit this world and the world to come. (CHAREDIM - the Yud and Hei in Yerashah are extra. They allude to this world and the world to come, which were created with these two letters.)

(R. Chanina): One may not bless [Birkas ha'Mazon] on a Pagum cup. If one drank from it, he was Pogem it.

(R. Tanchum bar Yudan): Honor of the day [meal] has precedence over honor of the night. Kidush of the night has precedence over Kidush of the day. (If one does not have enough wine for Kidush at night and during the day, he uses it for Kidush at night.)

Inference: We learn three things from this. One may not bless on a Pagum cup. (If not, he could be Mekadesh on the remaining wine in the morning.) It must have a Shi'ur. (If not, he could save half the wine for Kidush of the day.) And if one drank from it, he was Pogem it (and it does not help to add water. We explained this like SEFER NIR.)

Question: What is the day Kidush?

Answer (R. Yosi citing R. Yakov bar Acha, and R. Elazar bar Yosef citing Rav): It is Borei Peri ha'Gefen. (R. SHLOMO SIRILIYO. There is a custom to say verses beforehand, but they are not Me'akev - PF.)

R. Zerikan, the son of the father-in-law of [Stam] R. Zerikan, mentioned Chanukah in [Birkas] ha'Aretz, and they praised him.

[In a mourner's house,] R. Ba brei d'R. Chiya bar Ba mentioned Dayan ha'Emes in ha'Tov veha'Metiv, and they praised him.

(R. Ba, brei d'R. Chiya bar Ba): If one ate while walking, he stands still and blesses. If one ate while standing, he sits and blesses. If one ate while reclining, he sits and blesses. (CHAREDIM)

If one ate while reclining, he wraps himself [with a turban] and blesses. If he did so, he resembles a serving angel.

What is the source? "Bi'Shetayim Yechaseh Fanav uvi'Shetayim Yechaseh Raglav.''

(Mishnah): Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel argue about the following things in a meal. Beis Shamai says, [in Kidush on Shabbos night,] first we bless ("Mekadesh ha'Shabbos'') on the day, and then we bless on the wine;

Beis Hillel says, first we bless on the wine, and then on the day.

(Gemara) Question: What is the reason of Beis Shamai?

Answer: Kedushah of the day causes the wine to come, and he was already obligated in Kedushas ha'Yom before the wine came.

Question: What is the reason of Beis Hillel?

Answer: Wine causes (enables) saying Kidush. Another reason is, [the Berachah on] wine is Tadir (more frequent) and Kidush is not [as] Tadir. (We always bless first on what is more Tadir.)

Inference (R. Yosi): From both of them we learn that [the Brachos on] wine and Havdalah - wine comes first.

Beis Shamai's reason is, Kedushas ha'Yom causes the wine to come - here, since Havdalah did not cause the wine to come, the wine comes first.

Beis Hillel's reason is, wine is Tadir, and Kidush is not Tadir - and here, since wine is Tadir, and Havdalah is not Tadir, the wine is first.

Inference (R. Mana): From both of them we learn that wine and Havdalah - Havdalah comes first.

Beis Shamai's reason is, he was already obligated in Kidush ha'Yom before the wine came - here, since he was already obligated in Havdalah before the wine came, Havdalah comes first;

Beis Hillel's reason is, wine causes saying Kidush. Here, since wine does not cause saying Havdalah (it can be said even without wine), Havdalah comes first.

Inference (R. Ze'ira): From both of them (R. Yosi and R. Mana) we learn that we may say Havdalah without wine, but we may say Kidush only with wine. (This is almost explicit in R. Mana, according to Beis Hillel. Also R. Yosi agrees, for he said according to Beis Shamai that Kidush causes the wine to come, but Havdalah does not (MAHARA FULDA). We do not find that Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel argue about whether or not wine is needed for Kidush or Havdalah. - PF)

Remark: R. Ze'ira holds like this, for R. Ze'ira said 'we may say Havdalah on beer, but [where there is no wine,] we go from place to place [to seek wine] for Kidush.

(R. Yosi bar Bun): There (in Bavel), the custom is that in a place where there is no wine, the Shali'ach Tzibur goes in front of the Aron and says one Berachah me'Ein Sheva (Magen Avos; it is in place of the seven Brachos of Tefilas Shabbos), and closes 'Mekadesh Yisrael v'Es Yom ha'Shabbos.

Question: According to Beis Shamai, how does one do on Shabbos night [in the following case]?

If one was sitting and eating on Friday, and darkness and Shabbos night came, and there is only one cup of wine, [presumably, this is like one who has only one cup on Motza'ei Shabbos;] you say that he leaves it for after the meal and arranges all the Brachos on it;

No matter what you will say, [this is difficult]! If he blesses [first] on the day - the food should be first (he was obligated to say Birkas ha'Mazon once he ate a k'Zayis during the day)!

If he blesses [first] on the food - [in Mishnah 8 below, Beis Shamai say] that wine [that comes after the food] is first!

If he blesses [first] on the wine - [Beis Shamai say] that [Kidush ha']Yom is first!

Answer: We learn from the following. If wine came after the food, and there is only that cup - R. Ba said, [Beis Shamai say that we bless first on the wine] for since it is a short Brachah, [if he will delay until after Birkas ha'Mazon] perhaps he will forget and drink [without a Brachah];

However, here, since he arranges [all the Brachos] on the cup, he will not forget. (We explained this like CHAREDIM.)

Conclusion: How does he do according to Beis Shamai? First he blesses on the food, and then on the day, and then on the wine.

Question: According to Beis Hillel, how does one do on Motza'ei Shabbos [in the following case]?

If one was sitting and eating on Shabbos, and darkness and Motza'ei Shabbos came, and there is only one cup of wine, you say [in a Tosefta 5:2] that he leaves it for after the meal and arranges all the Brachos on it;

No matter what you will say, [this is difficult]! If he blesses [first] on the food - [in Mishnah 5 below, Beis Hillel say that the Brachah on] the lamp is first!

If he blesses [first] on the lamp - wine should be first (for it is Tadir)!

If he blesses [first] on the wine - [in Mishnah 8 below, Beis Hillel say that Birkas ha'Mazon on] the food is first! (We explained this based on the GRA.)

Answer: We learn from the following. R. Yehudah said, Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel did not argue about [one who has only one cup on Motza'ei Shabbos, about] Birkas ha'Mazon, that it is first, nor about Havdalah, that it is last. What did they argue about? They argue about the lamp and fragrances - Beis Shamai say, fragrances and afterwards the lamp. Beis Hillel say, light and afterwards fragrances.

Note: This is unlike Mishnah 5, which holds that the lamp is before the food. We must say that the author of Mishnah 5 argues with the Tosefta (5:2) or with Mishnah 8. (PF)

(Rava and Rav Yehudah): The Halachah follows the opinion that he says fragrances and afterwards the lamp. (There are different opinions of how to learn the argument of Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel.)

Conclusion: How does he do according to Beis Hillel? First he blesses on the food, and then on the wine, and then on the lamp.

If Yom Tov falls on Motza'ei Shabbos - R. Yochanan says, [the Siman is] Yikneh - [he blesses on] wine, Kidush, Ner, and Havdalah;

Support (Chanin bar Ba citing Rav): [The order is] wine, Kidush, Ner, and Havdalah, [and if it is Sukos,] Sukah and she'Hecheyanu.

(R. Chanina): [The Siman is] Yenahek (wine, Ner, Havdalah, and Kidush).

Support: [Also] Shmuel said like R. Chanina;

(R. Acha citing R. Yehoshua ben Levi): [A parable for this is] the king leaves, and the officer enters - first we accompany the king (Havdalah is an escort for Shabbos), and after we [escort and] enter the officer (Kidush of Yom Tov).

(Levi): [The Siman is] Nahik (Ner, Havdalah, wine, and Kidush).

Presumably, Levi says [partially] like both of them. (He holds like R. Chanina, that Havdalah precedes Kidush. He holds like R. Yochanan, that wine is first. We explained this based on the GRA.)

Question (R. Ze'ira): I asked R. Yosi - how do we conduct?

Answer (R. Yosi): It is like Rav and R. Yochanan. They did like Rav and R. Yochanan in practice.

When R. Avahu went to the south, he did like R. Chanina. When he went to Tiverya, he did like R. Yochanan, lest he oppose [the Chacham] in his region.

Question: This is fine for R. Chanina, but it is difficult for R. Yochanan!

Other days of the year, does he not bless on the lamp [before Havdalah], lest it extinguish [if he say Havdalah first, e.g. he is an Oni with only a little oil?! Also here, he should bless on it before Kidush, due to the same concern!]

Question: How can R. Yochanan answer this?

Answer: (Through a lamp, there is Shalom Bayis, therefore it has precedence over wine.) Since he has wine, [surely he has oil for the lamp to burn the entire meal;] his lamp will not extinguish [before blessing on it. We explained this like RIDVAZ.]

Question: He should bless on the Ner at the end!

Answer: We do not want to uproot the time [of Birkas Ner] from coming Shabboses (it should be before Havdalah).