1)

(a)We just proved that Rebbi Yehudah holds 'Ad ve'Lo ad bi'Chelal' from his ruling by Tefilas Minchah. And we now proceed to refute that from his ruling by Musaf ('ad Sheva Sha'os'), based on another Beraisa. The ...

1. ... Tana Kama there rules that if someone has not yet Davened Musaf and Minchah, he should Daven Minchah first - because it is more common ('Tadir Kodem').

2. ... Rebbi Yehudah give Musaf precedence - because its time is due to expire.

(b)The problem with Rebbi Yehudah's ruling, if he holds 'Ad ve'Lo ad bi'Chelal' is - how the two can possibly overlap, since the time for Musaf expired at the beginning of the seventh hour).

(c)This forces us to conclude that he holds 'Ad ve'ad bi'Chelal', and the difference between Rebbi Yehudah and the Tana Kama regarding Minchah is - that the latter gives the final time for Minchah as P'lag ha'Minchah, he is referring, not to P'lag Acharonah, but to P'lag Rishonah ...

(d)... and when the Beraisa, citing Rebbi Yehudah, said 'P'lag ha'Minchah Achronah Amru, ve'Hi Achas-Esrei Sha'os Chaser Revi'a' - it meant to teach us that the final time for Minchah is when the first P'lag ends and the second P'lag begins at ten and three quarter hours.

2)

(a)Rav Nachman supports this conclusion from a Mishnah, which discusses the five testimonies of Rebbi Yehudah ben Bava, the first of which is 'she'Mema'anin es ha'Ketanah', which means - that a girl under bas-Mitzvah, who was married off by her mother or brothers can perform Miy'un (walk out of the marriage with a declaration, and does not need a Get.

(b)Rebbi Yehudah ben Bava was referring to is where the Ketanah's husband's brother, who is married to her sister, dies leaving behind no children, and her sister falls to her husband to make Yibum.

(c)He testified that - we coax the Ketanah (whose marriage is only de'Rabanan) to perform Miy'un, thereby enabling her husband to perform Yibum with her sister (who is a Yevamah d'Oraysa).

(d)The second testimony is that a woman may remarry on the basis of one witness who testifies that her husband died, and the third, that they stoned a rooster in Yerushalayim - because it pecked a baby to death.

(e)The gist of Rebbi Yochanan's testimony was - that the Din that sentences an animal that killed a person to stoning extends to a bird.

3)

(a)The fourth thing that he testified concerned wine that is only forty days old - and that is poured on the Mizbe'ach (as a Nesech) is Kasher.

(b)And he finally said that the Tamid shel Shachar - may be brought in the fourth hour ...

(c)... 'in the fourth hour', and not 'up to the fourth hour'. This can only go according to Rebbi Yehudah, whom we now see holds 'Ad ve'ad bi'Chelal'.

4)

(a)This Mishnah is located in Maseches - Iduyos.

(b)The Gemara refers to it as 'Bechirta' - (choice) because the testimonials that it comprises are all Halachah.

(c)Rav Kahana therefore proves from there - that the Halachah is like Rebbi Yehudah (that one must Daven Tefilas Shachris before the end of the fourth hour).

5)

(a)According to the Beraisa, when the Torah writes in Beshalach (in connection with theManna) "ve'Cham ha'Shemesh Venamas" it is referring to the fourth.

(b)It cannot mean six hours - since the Torah (in connection with Avraham and the angels) refers to the sixth hour as - "ke'Chom ha'Yom".

(c)The difference between ...

1. ... "ve'Cham ha'Shemesh Venamas" and "ke'Chom ha'Yom" is - that whereas during the former it is hot in the sun but cool in the shade, during the latter, it is hot in both areas.

2. ... "ve'Cham ha'Shemesh Venamas" and the period before four hours is - that before four hours it is cool even in the sun.

6)

(a)The problem with the Beraisa is who the author. It seemingly cannot be ...

1. ... Rebbi Yehudah - who considers the fourth hour to be still morning.

2. ... the Rabbanan" - according to whom morning lasts till midday.

(b)Bearing in mind that with regard to collecting the Manna, the Torah writes (not "ba'Boker", but) "ba'Boker ba'Boker", we establish the Beraisa like ...

1. ... the Rabbanan - by explaining the second "ba'Boker" to mean that they divided the morning into two, and collected the Manna during the first half (up until three hours).

2. ... Rebbi Yehudah - by explaining likewise that they collected the Manna up until three hours (one hour before the end of the morning).

(c)It is unanimously agreed upon that "ve'Cham ha'Shemesh ve'Namas" refers to the fourth hour. Rav Acha bar Ya'akov learns it from the phrase itself - in that the fourth hour is when the sun is bot but the shade is cool as we explained.

7)

(a)We cited Rav Kahana earlier, who rules like Rebbi Yehudah regarding the final time to Daven Shachris ('since the Mishnah in Iduyos [Bechirta] conforms with him'). When Rav Chisda asked Rav Yitzchak like whom we rule regarding Minchah - he did not know what to answer.

(b)Rav Chisda himself tried to prove from the fact that Rav would Daven Kabalas Shabbos before nightfall - that the Halachah is like Rebbi Yehudah (i.e. Minchah before P'lag ha'Minchah, and Ma'ariv after P'lag).

(c)We counter this however, by citing Rav Huna and the Rabbanan - who refused to Daven Kabalas Shabbos before night (like the Rabbanan).

(d)We therefore conclude that - de'Avid ke'Mar Avid, u'de'Avid ke'Mar Avid' (one may rule like whoever one pleases, provided one is consistent).

8)

(a)When Rav went to the house of Geniva and Davened Kabalas Shabbos before nightfall, Rebbi Yirmiyah bar Aba stood - behind him during Davening.

(b)Rebbi Yirmiyah bar Aba was - Rav's Talmid.

(c)When Rav finished Davening before Rebbi Yirmiyah bar Aba, he - remained in his place (in order not to enter the space where Rebbi Yirmiyah bar Aba was still Davening).

(d)Besides the fact that one is permitted to Daven Kabalas Shabbos on Erev Shabbos and that one is forbidden to enter the space of a person who is Davening the Amidah, we also learn from the current incident - that a Talmid is permitted to Daven immediately behind his Rebbe.

9)

(a)The above incident with Rav supports Rebbi Yehoshua ben Levi, who said - that one is forbidden to enter the space of someone who is Davening the Amidah.

(b)We query this ruling from Rebbi Ami and Rebbi Asi who walked in front of someone who was Davening he Amidah. And we answer - that Rebbi Ami and Rebbi Asi walked beyond four Amos of the person who was Davening.

(c)We also query Rebbi Yirmiyah bar Aba from a statement of Rav Yehudah Amar Rav prohibited besides one's Rebbe - or behind him ...

(d)... because it is considered arrogant to do so (See also Tosfos).

10)

(a)Rebbi Eliezer also said in a Beraisa that someone who Davens behind his Rebbe - causes the Shechinah to depart from Yisrael.

(b)He incorporated in this statement four other items. The first of them is someone who greets his Rebbe, and the second - to return his greeting ...

(c)... in the way that he greets a friend (without adding the word 'Rebbe').

(d)The third of the prohibitions is someone who opens his own Beis-ha'Medrash without his Rebbe's consent ('Cholek al Yeshivaso shel Rebbe'), and the fourth - citing a Halachah that he did not hear from his Rebbe (without citing the source [Rambam]).

11)

(a)We now reconcile Rebbi Yirmiyah bar Aba (who Davened behind Rav) with Rav Yehudah Amar Rav and Rebbi Eliezer in the Beraisa - by pointing out that Rebbi Yirmiyah bar Aba was (not a Talmid but) - a Talmid Chaver of Rav.

12)

(a)We prove that Rebbi Yirmiyah bar Aba was a Talmid-Chaver of Rav from the fact that, on that same occasion, he asked Rav 'Mi Badalta?' - ('Did you also desist from working?').

(b)Had he been merely a Talmid, he ought he to have said - 'Mi Badil Mar?'.

(c)Rav replied -'In Badilna'.

13)

(a)We query Rav's reply however, from a statement of Rebbi Avin, who related an incident where Rav Davened Kabalas Shabbos on Erev Shabbos - went to the bathhouse, and learned with his Talmidim, all before nightfall ...

(b)... a Kashya on Rav - since going to the bathhouse is forbidden on Shabbos, implying that he had not separated from work.

(c)Rava answered the Kashya - by establishing Rebbi Avin's testimony with regard to (not taking a bath, but) perspiring, prior to the Chachamim's decree forbidding it.

14)

(a)We ask from Abaye, who permitted Rav Dimi bar Liva'i to smoke baskets - with sulfur, after having Davened Kabalas Shabbos on Erev Shabbos.

(b)We answer that that case was different - in that Rav Dimi brought in Shabbos by mistake ...

(c)... inasmuch as the sky was overcast and they thought that Shabbos had already entered.

15)

(a)This answer too, we query from a statement of Avidan. When the sky was once overcast and everybody thought that Shabbos had already entered - they Davened Kabalas Shabbos on Erev Shabbos.

(b)When Avidan asked Rebbi what they needed to do - he replied that since they had Davened, they did not need to Daven again.

(c)The problem with the previous answer is - that it now seems that even if one Davens Kabalas Shabbos on Erev Shabbos by mistake, one cannot retract.

(d)We resolve it - by answering that a Tzibur is different in that one does not trouble a Tzibur again, but that if a Yachid erred in this way, his Kabalah would not be a Kabalah, and he would have to Daven again (See also Maharsha on Tos DH 'Sha'ni Tzibur).

16)

(a)After citing Rav, who Davened Kabalas Shabbos on Erev Shabbos - he cited Rebbi Yashiyah, who Davened the Tefilah of Motza'ei Shabbos on Shabbos afternoon.

(b)We ask, whether - Rav also recited Kidush on Erev Shabbos ...

(c)... we cite Rav Nachman Amar Shmuel, who specifically permits it ...

(d)... and that is the Halachah.

17)

(a)Similarly, we ask - whether Rebbi Yashiyah recited Havdalah after Davening the Motza'eo Shabbos Tefilah on Shabbos afternoon ...

(b)... and we answer with a statement of Rav Nachman Amar Shmuel - who specifically permitted it.

18)

(a)In a strange conclusion to the Sugya, Rebbi Zeira ... Amar Rav recalls how Rebbi Yishmael b'Rebbi Yossi stood by a certain pillar one Erev Shabbos - and Davened Kabalas Shabbos.

(b)According to Ula, it was neither a pillar next to which he stood, not was it Rebbi Yishmael b'Rebbi Yossi, nor was it Kabalas Shabbos that he Davened on Erev Shabbos. The location was - beside a date-palm ...

(c)... it was Rebbi Elazar b'Rebbi Yossi ...

(d)... and he Davened the Tefilah of Motza'ei Shabbos on Shabbos.

19)

(a)We object to the interpretation of our Mishnah 'Tefilas Arvis Ein lo K'va' that one may Daven Ma'ariv all night - in that the Mishnah ought then to have said 'Tefilas ha'Erev Kol ha'Laylah'.

(b)What it therefore means is - that it is R'shus.

(c)Rav Yehudah Amar Rav cites Raban Gamliel who holds Tefilas Arvis Chovah'. The Tana who says that it R'shus, is - Rebbi Yehoshua.

(d)Abaye rules like Raban Gamliel, Rava - like Rebbi Yehoshua.

20)

(a)Rebbi Yehoshua replied to the Talmid who asked him whether Tefilas Arvis is R'shus or Chovah - that it is R'shus.

(b)When Raban Gamliel subsequently replied 'Chovah' to the same question - the Talmid quoted Rebbi Yehoshua who had told him that it is R'shus.

(c)Raban Gamliel said he would wait until all the 'Ba'alei-T'risin' (people who wield shields) gathered in the Beis-ha'Medrash. He was he referring - to the Talmidei-Chachamim ...

(d)Why are they called 'Ba'alei-T'risin' - because they would vanquish another in the battle of Torah.

21)

(a)When the questioner repeated his She'eilah and Raban Gamliel repeated his answer, and asked whether there was anyone present who held that Arvis R'shus, Rebbi Yehoshua replied - that there was not.

(b)And when Raban Gamliel pointed out that he had been informed that Rebbi Yehoshua himself maintained that it was and ordered him to stand, he replied - that if Raban Gamliel had been dead, he could have denied his 'accusation', but now that he was as alive as he was, he had to admit that it was true.

(c)Raban Gamliel then ordered Rebbi Yehoshua (who was the Av Beis-Din) to remain standing whilst he proceeded to Darshen, thereby raising the ire of the entire gathering.

(d)They then ordered Chutzpis - translator (ha'Turgeman) who was presenting Raban Gamliel's D'rashah to the gathering, to stop.

22)

(a)This was the third time that Raban Gamliel had abused Rebbi Yehoshua in this way. Besides that of the B'chor of Rebbi Tzadok (in Bechoros), he also did so in Rosh ha'Shanah - when he ordered him to appear before him on the day that he (Rebbi Yehoshua) considered to be Yom Kipur, wearing his shoes and with stick in hand.

(b)They therefore decided - to depose him.

23)

(a)They did not replace Raban Gamliel with...

1. ... Rebbi Yehoshua - because, seeing as Raban Gamliel was deposed on account of Rebbi Yehoshua, it would be unduly painful for the latter to then replace hum.

2. ... Rebbi Akiva - because he did not have Z'chus Avos (he was descended form Geirim), and would have no defense against Raban Gamliel's punishments.

(b)So they subsequently appointed - Rebbi Elazar ben Azaryah, who ...

(c)Besides being both wise and wealthy, was a tenth generation descendent of Ezra.

(d)The advantage of being wise is obvious. The advantage of being wealthy was - that if they sent gifts to the emperor to turn the emperor against him, he could counter this by sending him gifts of his own.

24)

(a)What they offered Rebbi Elazar ben Azaryah the illustrious post of Rosh Yeshivah, he initially replied that he needed to first ask his wife (See Maharatz Chayos).

(b)When his wife pointed out that perhaps they will depose him too, he replied - that if a person has a valuable glass for one day, knowing that tomorrow, it might break, then he should use it for one day.

(c)Rebbi Elazar ben Azaryah was - eighteen at the time.

(d)The other objection that she therefore raised against accepting the appointment was - that his youthful appearance was an obstacle against Darshening to such a prestigious crowd.

25)

(a)That very same night - a miracle occurred and eighteen rows of white hair sprouted in his beard.

(b)As a result of that miracle, Rebbi Elazar ben Azaryah subsequently declared in the Mishnah in the first Perek - that he resembled a man of seventy ... .