1)

(a)According to Rebbi Yehoshua ben Levi, a Seifer-Torah that is not adequately covered during Tashmish requires a partition - that measures ten Tefachim in height.

(b)When Mar Zutra saw a partition of ten Tefachim in Mar bar Rav Ashi's bedroom - he objected on the grounds that Rebbi Yehoshua ben Levi's ruling was confined to where no other room was available, which was not the case with Rav Ashi.

(c)When Mar Zutra put it to him, Rav Ashi replied - that he had not thought about it.

2)

(a)Rava Amar Rav S'chorah qualified our Mishnah, which requires a person who is reciting the Sh'ma to move four Amos away from foul-smelling water and from Tzo'ah - to where they are behind him, but if they are in front of him - then they must be out of sight ...

(b)... and the same, he added, pertains to Tefilah.

(c)We query Rava however, from a statement of Rafram bar Papa Amar Rav Chisda - who permitted Davening immediately in front of a bathroom.

(d)We refute the suggestion that Rafram is referring to a bathroom that does not contain Tzo'ah from a statement of Rav Yosef (or Rebbi Yossi) bar Chanina, who specifically stated - that Davening is forbidden, even in front of bathroom that does not contain Tzo'ah or a bathhouse with nobody inside.

3)

(a)And we query the answer that Rava is speaking about a new bathroom from Ravina's She'eilah - whether merely designating a bathroom renders it forbidden or not.

(b)And we answer that Ravina's She'eilah did not concern Davening in front of it (which is definitely permitted) - only the prohibition of actually Davening inside it.

(c)Rava rules that Persian bathrooms - are considered as if they are covered, even if they contain Tzo'ah ...

(d)... due to the diagonal tunnels that allows the Tzo'ah to roll away into a pit.

4)

(a)A Zav who has an emission, a Nidah who exudes Shichvas-Zera and a woman who, after being intimate with her husband, becomes a Nidah - all have two Tum'os, one lasting one day, the other, seven.

(b)The Tana Kama requires them to Tovel (for the emission of Keri) before reciting the Sh'ma. We would have thought otherwise - since the seven-day Tum'ah remains in full force, and they do not became Tahor anyway.

(c)Rebbi Yehudah says - that they are Patur.

5)

(a)We ask whether a Ba'al Keri who became a Zav, according to Rebbi Yehudah - is also Patur.

(b)He might be worse than a Zav who became a Ba'al-Keri - who we think Rebbi Yehudah may exempt because whereas there the Keri cannot take effect on the existing Zivus, there, the Keri came first.

(c)We resolve the She'eilah from the Mishnah itself - since in the last case (Meshameshes she'Ra'asah Nidah), also saw Keri first, yet Rebbi Yehudah exempts her from Tevilah.

(d)Rebbi Chiya resolves it from a Beraisa that is even more specific than the Mishnah - where the Tana Kama and Rebbi Yehudah actually argue over a Ba'al-Keri who became a Zav.

6)

(a)The Tana Kama of our Mishnah rules that one may Daven ...

1. ... Shachris until midday. Rebbi Yehudah says - up to four hours.

2. ... Minchah until night. Rebbi Yehudah says - until P'lag ha'Minchah (which he Gemara will explain).

(b)The Mishnah rules that ...

1. ... Tefilas Arvis - has no limited time (i.e. can be Davened all night).

2. ... Musaf - can be Davened all day.

(c)According to our text, Rebbi Yehudah gives the time for Musaf as - up to seven hours.

7)

(a)We query our Mishnah (which gives the final time for Shachris as Chatzos or four hours) from a Beraisa. The Tana there gives the reason for reciting the Sh'ma with Hanetz as - in order to juxtapose Ge'ulah to Tefilah, to recite the Amidah by day.

(b)This is based on a statement of Rebbi Yochanan, who said - that the Vasikin used to finish the Sh'ma with Hanetz ha'Chamah.

(c)We query the Shi'ur of Chatzos from another statement of Rebbi Yochanan, who is quoted by Rav Mari b'rei de'Rav Huna ... as having said that 'Someone who erred and forgot to Daven ...

1. ... Ma'ariv - should Daven two Amidos at Shachris.

2. ... Shachris - should Daven two Amidos at Minchah.

(d)We now reconcile the latter statement of Rebbi Yochanan with our Mishnah - by differentiating between merely performing the Mitzvah of (and receiving reward for) Tefilah (our Mishnah), and performing the Mitzvah ... Tefilah in its right time (Rebbi Yochanan).

8)

(a)We ask what the Din will be regarding someone forgot to Daven Minchah. The Din that pertains to someone who forgot Ma'ariv might not apply to him - because unlike the case there, the Ma'ariv that follows Minchah is not on the same day.

(b)We learn that the Shachris after is considered the same day as the Ma'ariv that one missed from the Pasuk in Bereishis "Vay'hi Erev Vay'hi Voker, Yom Echad".

9)

(a)Based on the fact that Tefilah is in the place of Korban, one might not be permitted to make up for the missed Minchah - due to the principle by Korbanos 'Avar Yomo, Bateil Korbano'.

(b)On the other hand, one might nevertheless be permitted to do so - because Tefilah is synonymous with mercy, and whenever one Davens, it is acceptable.

(c)We resolve the She'eilah from another statement of Rebbi Yochanan. In whose name Rav Huna bar Yehudah ... said that 'Someone who forgot to Daven Minchah, may Daven two Amidos at Ma'ariv, and that this is not subject to Avar Yomo, Bateil Korbano'.

10)

(a)We query the latter ruling of Rebbi Yochanan from a Beraisa which discusses the Pasuk in Koheles "Me'uvas Lo Yuchal Lis'kon ... ". The Tana learns from ...

1. ... there regarding someone who misses K'ri'as Sh'ma or Tefilah at night or in the morning - can do nothing to rectify his sin.

2. ... the continuation of the Pasuk "ve'Chesaron Lo Yuchal Lehimanos" - that someone who does not join his friends when they get together to perform a Mitzvah has lost out.

(b)Rebbi Yitzchak quoting Rebbi Yochanan himself establishes the Pasuk (to reconcile it with his ruling) - by Meizid.

(c)And Rav Ashi supports Rebbi Yochanan's explanation from the wording of the Beraisa 'Zeh she'Biteil Keri'as Sh'ma ... ' - (and not 'Ta'ah'), implying that he did it on purpose.

11)

(a)The Beraisa rules in the event that one forgot to Daven Minchah ...

1. ... on Friday afternoon - that one should Daven two Amidos of Shabbos on Friday night.

2. ... on Shabbos afternoon - two Amidos of Chol on Motza'ei Shabbos.

(b)He inserts Havdalah in the first one ...

(c)... because the first Amidah is the chiyuv of the moment, and the second one, the Tashlumin for the one that he omitted.

(d)Should he insert Havdalah in the second Amidah, the Tana rules - that he is Yotzei with the second one, and that must repeat the first one as the Tashlumin.

12)

(a)We query this from another Beraisa which obligates someone who omits Gevuros Geshamim ('Mashiv ha'Ru'ach') in Techi'as ha'Meisim or She'eilah ('Tal u'Matar li'Verachah') in Birchas ha'Shanim to 'go back' - but not someone who omitted Havdalah in 'Chonen ha'Da'as'.

(b)We remain with an Kashya from this Beraisa on the previous one (which suggests that Havdalah in the Amidah is crucial).

13)

(a)According to Rebbi Yossi b'Rebbi Chanina, it was the three Avos who instituted the three Amidos. Rebbi Yehoshua ben Levi maintains - that the Amidos correspond to the Korbanos.

(b)We support - both opinions with a Beraisa.

(c)In the first Beraisa (based on the Pasuk in Tehilim "Vaya'amod Pinchas Vayefalel)" the Tana prove that Avraham instituted Shachris from the Pasuk in Vayeira (following the destruction of S'dom), "Vayashkem Avraham ba'Boker el ha'Makom asher Amad Sham" - because "Amad" refers to Tefilah.

(d)Whereas from the Pasuk in ...

1. ... Chayei Sarah (just before he met Eliezer and Rivkah) "Vayeitzei Yitzchak Lasu'ach ba"Sadeh" (based on the Pasuk in Tehilim "Tefilah le'Ani ki Ya'atof, ve'Lifnei Hash-m Yishpoch Sicho") he learns that - Yitzchak instituted Minchah, and from the Pasuk in ...

2. ... Vayeitzei (in connection with Ya'akov's flight to Charan "Vayifga ba'Makom" (based on the Pasuk in Yirmiyahu "ve'Atah Al Tispalel be'ad ha'Am ha'Zeh ... ve'Al Tifga bi") he learns that Ya'akov instituted Tefilas Arvis.

14)

(a)In the second Beraisa (that supports Rebbi Yehoshua ben Levi), with regard to the final time to Daven Shachris, the Tana Kama And Rebbi Yehudah learn their respective opinions from the Korban Tamid regarding the final time to Daven ...

1. ,,, Shachris (until midday & until four hours) - from the fact that, according to the Tana Kama, the Tamid shel Shachar could be brought until midday, and until four hours according to Rebbi Yehudah.

2. ... Minchah (until night & until P'lag ha'Minchah) - from the fact that, according to the Tana Kama, the Korban Tamid shel bein ha'Arbayim could be brought until night, and until P'lag ha'Minchah, according to Rebbi Yehudah.

(b)By the same token, the Beraisa learn that 'Tefilas ha'Erev Ein lah K'va' - from the burning of the limbs and fat-pieces, which was performed all night.

(c)And the Tana Kama and Rebbi Yehudah derive their respective opinions regarding the final time to Daven Musaf (all day & until seven hours) - from the Korban Musaf - which could be brought all day, according to the Tana Kama, and until seven hours, according to Rebbi Yehudah.

(d)The Beraisa finally defines ...

1. ... Minchah Gedolah as - from six and a half hours (half an hour after midday) ...

2. ... Minchah Ketanah as - from nine and a half hours.

15)

(a)In the Beraisa that we just discussed, Rebbi Yehudah maintains that the final time for Tefilas Minchah is until P'lag ha'Minchah. The dilemma this creates is - whether he is referring to the first Minchah (Gedolah) or the second Minchah (Ketanah).

(b)We resolve it based on another Beraisa - where Rebbi Yehudah specifically mentions Minchah Ketanah ...

(c)... which is one and a quarter hours before nightfall.

16)

(a)We query Rebbi Yossi b'Rebbi Chanina from the latter two Beraisos - which both clearly connect the Tefilos with the T'midin, and not with the Avos.

(b)And we reconcile them with his opinion - by insisting that although the Avos instituted the Tefilos, the Chachamim ultimately connected them with the T'midim ...

(c)... because otherwise (if the Tefilos were based entirely on the Avos, who instituted Tefilas Musaf?

17)

(a)The dilemma we are faced with regarding Rebbi Yehudah, who says in our Mishnah that the final time for Shachris is 'until four hours' is - whether this is inclusive (until the end of the fourth hour ['Ad ve'ad bi'Chelal') or exclusive (until the beginning of the fourth hour ['Ad ve'Lo ad bi'Chelal']).

(b)The Rabanan definitely hold - 'Ad ve'Lo ad bi'Chelal'.

(c)We try to resolve the She'eilah from Rebbi Yehudah's ruling that the final time for Minchah is P'lag ha'Minchah, in that - if it is inclusive, then Rebbi Yehudah will merely be reiterating the opinion of the Tana Kama.