(Mishnah): Similarly, a city in which rain did not fall, like it says "v'Himtarti Al Ir Achas v'Al Ir Achas Lo Amtir Chelkah Achas Timatar v'Chelkah Asher Lo Samtir Aleha Tivash'' - that city fasts and blows the Shofar, and all around it fast and do not blow the Shofar;

R. Akiva says, they blow the Shofar and do not fast.

(Gemara - R. Simon): It is written "v'Himtarti Al Ir Achas v'Al Ir Achas Lo Amtir Chelkah Achas Timatar v'Chelkah Asher Lo Samtir Aleha Tivash'' - merit of the field helps.

(Water comes from the Tehom below, twice as much as rain from above (above, 1:3). Hash-m could have made the world so that all our water comes from below.) Due to four matters, [rain] falls from above - due to strongarms [lest they steal rivers or land, amidst fear that they not get enough water from below], due to bad dew (rain washes it away), so higher fields will get water just like lower fields, and so everyone will put their eyes to Shamayim. (If water came only from below, we would not know when we need more, and we would not be humbled in front of Hash-m.)

Rain falls in the merit of three things - in the merit of the land, in the merit of Chesed, and in the merit of afflictions. All of them are in one verse - "Im l'Shevet Im l'Artzo Im l'Chesed Yamtzi'ehu.'' (The previous verses allude to rain.)

Rain is withheld due to four Aveiros - the Aveiros of idolatry, Arayos, murder and people who pledge [Tzedakah] in public and do not give;

What is the source [that it is withheld] due to the Aveirah of idolatry? "Hishamru Lachem Pen Yifteh Levavchem v'Sartem va'Avadtem Elohim Acherim...'' What is written afterwards? "V'Charah Af Hash-m Bachem v'Atzar Es ha'Shamayim v'Lo Yihyeh Matar.''

What is the source for Arayos? "Va'Tachanifi Eretz bi'Znusayich uv'Ra'asech.' What is the punishment? "Ya'Yiman'u Revi'vim u'Malkosh Lo Hayah.''

What is the source for murder? "Ki ha'Dam Hu Yachanif Es ha'Aretz'' - the blood Yichan Af (will make anger dwell) on the land.

What is the source for people who pledge in public and do not give? "Nesi'im v'Ru'ach v'Geshem Ayin Ish Mis'halel b'Matas Sheker.''

There are five names [for clouds] - Ed, Av, Anan, Nesi, Chaziz. What is the source for Ed? "V'Ed Ya'aleh Min ha'Aretz.''

It is called Av because it thickens the sky - "Hinei Anochi Ba Elecha b'Av ha'Anan.''

It is called Anan because it makes people Anavim (humble) to each other.

It is called Nesi because it makes homeowners [rich] like kings - "Ma'aleh Nesi'im mi'Ketzei ha'Aretz.''

It is called Chaziz, for it makes the sky [full of] different appearances - "Hash-m Oseh Chazizim.''

(Mishnah): [That city fasts and blow the Shofar,] and all around it fast and do not blow the Shofar.

Source: We find on Yom Kipur that we fast, but do not blow the Shofar.

(Mishnah - R. Akiva): They blow the Shofar, but do not fast.

Source: We find that on Rosh Hashanah we blow the Shofar, but do not fast.