(Mishnah): [On Shabbos] one may not delouse clothing [by light of a lamp].

Even on a weekday, it is forbidden [in front of many people], for it is dishonorable (it repulses them).

(Beraisa): One who delouses his clothes [on Shabbos] may remove them and cast them down, but he may not roll them (between his hands to weaken them, lest he kill them);

Aba Sha'ul says, he may roll them, but he may not kill them.

(Chizkiyah): One who kills a louse on Shabbos is [liable] like one who kills a camel.

Shmuel would cut off the front and back leg, and put it in front of a sewage pit.

R. Yosi bei R. Bun would put it in a flask of water. (He holds that overtly killing is forbidden mid'Rabanan, but one may cause it to die.)

Question (against Chizkiyah - R. Shimon ben Chalifta): Do you not learn [liability for killing] from rams (they killed them for their skins, for a cover over the Mishkan)? Rams have sinews and bones! (You cannot learn to lice! We explained this like SHA'AREI TORAS ERETZ YISRAEL. He proves that the text cannot say "Chilazon'', for the Yerushalmi holds that it was not used to make the Mishkan.)

Answer: Was it not taught that anything without sinews and bones cannot live more than six months?! (Also lice must have sinews and bones, for they can live for seven years!)

(R. Yosi bar R. Bun citing Rav Zvid): Once in seven years, Hash-m changes His world. A Kamkama (Sheretz) become Chorev (this is a Targum of Chasidah (stork?) in Tehilim 104:17). A head louse becomes a scorpion. A clothing louse becomes a spider.

A horse worm becomes Iru (a Sheretz). A cattle worm becomes Divri (a Sheretz). A male Tzavu'a (hyena?) becomes a female. A mountain mouse becomes a wild pig. The spine of a fish becomes a centipede.

[The spine] of a person becomes a snake. When is this? It is if [in Modim] he does not bow his entire height until the spine.

(R. Chiya): [One may not delouse by light of a lamp,] but one may look at what is in his cup or plate, and he is not concerned [lest he come to tilt the lamp to make it burn better].

Opinion #1: [It is permitted because] he looks only for a short time.

Opinion #2: [It is permitted] due to cleanliness and danger (something dangerous might be there).

What do these opinions argue about? They argue about taking [the good - BI'UR HALACHAH 275:12 DH Aval] lettuce leaves off the stalk. The one who permits because it is for a short time, it is forbidden. The one who permits due to cleanliness and danger, he permits.

R. Yirmeyah went to Rav Asi [on Shabbos. Rav Asi] mixed for him a cup. [Rav Yehudah] began looking at it.

Rav Asi's wife: Do you see what he is doing?!

Rav Asi: He does according to his Rebbi. R. Chiya taught that one may look at what is in his cup or plate, and he is not concerned.

(Mishnah): One may not read by light of a lamp.

(Shmuel): This was taught only about one person. Two, since they can protest one against the other [if he sees that he is about to tilt the lamp], are permitted.

Question: A Beraisa argues with him! The same applies to a lamp that he can tilt, and a Ner that he cannot tilt (i.e. there are others who would remind him)!

Answer (Ula bar Yishmael citing R. Lazar): ["He cannot tilt'' means that] it is very high (above what he can reach. Even so, we are concerned lest he stand on something and tilt it. However, if there are others who would remind him, it is permitted.)

Consequence: According to R. Lazar [who forbids] even if it is very high, even if it is in another house, even if it is in a lantern [it is forbidden. We explained this like OHR ZARU'A.]

(Beraisa): [We forbid] lest he forget and tilt. R. Yishmael said, I will read and I will not tilt;

He forgot, and he was about to tilt, and he said "great are Divrei Chachamim, who said "lest he forget and tilt''!

R. Nasan says, he truly tilted it, and he wrote on his ledger, and said "Yishmael ben Elisha tilted a lamp on Shabbos. When the Mikdash will be built, he is Chayav Chatas.''

(Mishnah): Do not trust in yourself until the day of your death.

A case occurred with a Chasid who used to sit and teach "do not trust in yourself until the day of your old age, like me.''

A Shed came [in the form of a woman] and tested him [and he succumbed]. He began to regret. She told him "do not scream (you did not sin with a woman). I am a Shed. Go equate [your teaching] to that of your colleagues (do not trust in yourself until the day of your death).''

In truth, they said [that a teacher of children may see where they are reading].

(R. Elazar): Whenever we taught "in truth'', it is a tradition from Moshe from Sinai. (ROSH, Hilchos Mikva'os 1 - whenever we say so about a mid'Rabanan law, like here, it means that it is as clear as a tradition from Sinai.)

(Beraisa - R. Shimon ben Gamliel): Children fix the Roshei Parshiyos on Shabbos night by the light of a lamp.

What is fixing the Roshei Parshiyos? It is the words at the beginning of the Parshiyos.

Question: What is the reason [why children may read, but the teacher may not]?

Answer: These (some of the children) want the lamp to extinguish (so they will not need to learn more), and these (other children) do not want it to extinguish. The former will not let one of the latter tilt it to burn better! We explained this like SHA'AREI TORAS ERETZ YISRAEL.)