1)

(a)The Mishnah rules - that all vessels that have doors may be taken on Shabbos together with their doors (see Tif'eres Yisrael).

(b)When the Tana says 'even if they broke on Shabbos', he really means - 'even if they broke on Erev Shabbos', and that one may nevertheless take them.

(c)On the other hand, the door of a house that broke may not be taken, even if it broke on Shabbos ...

(d)... since doors of a house are not meant to be moved in the first place, and are therefore Muktzah.

2)

(a)A hammer, a spade, a saw, a shovel, a winnowing-shovel, a fork, a spinning-needle, the (sharp) whorl of a shuttle, a regular needle and a large needle used for stitching sacks all have in common - the fact that, although they are Muktzah, one is permitted to take them to use for something that is permitted on Shabbos, as we shall now see.

(b)One intends to use ...

1. ... the hammer - to crack open nuts.

2. ... the spade - to cut a round cake of dried figs.

3. ... the saw - to cut up a hard cheese into small slices.

4. ... the shovel - to gather dry figs that stuck together in the barrel.

5. ... the winnowing-shovel and the three-pronged pitchfork - to pass across food to a Katan (see Tif'eres Yisrael).

6. ... the spinning-needle and the whorl of a shuttle). - to serve oneself food (such as strawberries, to avoid one's hands from getting dirty

7. ... the regular needle - to remove a thorn.

8. ... the large needle used for stitching sacks - as part of a key to open a door (Tif'eres Yisrael).

3)

(a)A 'Kanah shel Zeisim' is - a bamboo that is used to examine the olives in the vat to see whether they are oily enough to take to the olive-press.

(b)It is subject to Tum'ah - only if it has a 'knot' (with a cavity that holds some oil, whose quality the owner is then able to test.

(c)It is not subject to Tum'ah anyway, seeing as it has a hollow section that can be used as a receptacle - since the receptacle is not used as such.

(d)The Mishnah concludes that either way, one may take it on Shabbos - because it is a K'li that is generally used to turn over the olives.

4)

(a)Rebbi Yossi forbids taking - two specific types of Keilim does on Shabbos.

(b)The first of these is ...

1. ... 'Meser ha'Gadol' - a large saw, the second ...

2. ... 'Yaseid shel Machreishah' - a knife-shaped implement that is attached to a plow, which is used to cut the into the ground to create the furrows.

(c)What makes them different than other Keilim is - the fact that they are designated for those specific jobs, their owners designate a specific place for them with the intention of not using them for any other purpose.

5)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses the difference between Keilim she'Melachtan le'Heter and Keilim she'Melachtan le'Isur. Examples of 'Keilim she'Melachtan ...

1. ... le'Heter' are - crockery and cutlery.

2. ... le'Isur' are - a mortar and a mill.

(b)The Tana Kama permits ...

1. ... both to be taken - 'le'Tzorech Gufo' (if they are needed for a use that is permitted on Shabbos) or 'le'Tzorech Mekomo' (if one needs the location on which they are lying).

2. ... taking the former but not the latter - 'me'Chamah le'Tzeil' (to move it into the shade to protect it from the sun).

(c)Rebbi Nechemyah is more stringent. When he says that all Keilim may only be taken 'le'Tzorech' - he means to use them for the purpose for which they have been manufactured.

(d)Consequently - one may only use a knife to cut with, but not support a dish.

(e)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

6)

(a)The Mishnah permits taking a broken K'li on Shabbos - provided it is useable.

(b)According to Rebbi Yehudah - one must be able to use it for the purpose similar that for which it was originally made.

(c)For example, he explains, one must be able to use a broken piece of dish ...

1. ... dish - to pour a thick stew into it (since it is similar to the dough for which it was initially used).

2. ... glass - to pour oil into it (since initially, it was used to hold liquids).

(d)Rebbi Yehudah will concede to the Tana Kama (that as long as it is useable, it is not Muktzah) - if it broke before Shabbos.

(e)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

7)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses Even she'Keruyah - a dried-out pumpkin that is used as a bucket to draw water from a well.

(b)The stone - serves to add weight to the pumpkin, which will otherwise simply float on the surface of the water.

(c)One may use the contraption on Shabbos - provided the stone is fixed in a way that it will not fall off whilst drawing water, since the stone then becomes part of the 'bucket'.

(d)It is otherwise forbidden - because the stone is Muktzah and the pumpkin is a Basis to it.

8)

(a)The Tana also permits using a branch to which one has tied a Tafi'ach - (a small earthenware jar) for the same purpose.

(b)If they are not tied together - then the branch is Muktzah (see also Tos. Yom-Tov).

9)

(a)Before one is permitted to use a window-stopper - (i.e. a plank or a curtain) on Shabbos, Rebbi Eliezer requires two conditions ...

(b)... one, that it is tied to the window (with a cord), the other - that it does not drag on the ground.

(c)It is otherwise forbidden - because it looks as if one is adding to a temporary Ohel on Shabbos ...

(d)... which Rebbi Eliezer forbids.

10)

(a)The Chachamim permit using the window-stopper - even if it is not tied ...

(b)... because they permit adding to a temporary Ohel on Shabbos.

(c)The Chachamim will concede however, that using the window-stopper is prohibited - if it was designated before Shabbos for this purpose.

11)

(a)On what condition does the Tana Kama permit taking the lid of a vessel on Shabbos - provided it has a handle.

(b)Rebbi Yossi - permits it even if it doesn't, confining the Tana'Kama's ruling to the lid of Karka (which we will now explain).

(c)Their Machlokes is confined to one of three cases. They both agree that the lid of ...

1. ... a regular vessel - does not require a handle.

2. ... Karka (such as a pit or an enclosure) does.

(d)And they argue in a case - of a vessel that is attached to the ground ...

(e)... which the Tana Kama compares to Karka, whereas Rebbi Yossi compares it to Keilim.