(Beraisa): There are three Besulos - Besulas Adam, Besulas sycamore, and Besulas Aretz;

Besulas Adam is any [girl] who never had Bi'ah. Besulas sycamore is one that was never cut. Besulas Aretz is that it never had a groove (furrow).

R. Shimon ben Gamliel says, any [land] that does not have a groove [now].

[Besulas Damim] is even if she married, even if she became pregnant, even if she nurses, even if she spurts blood all seven days [before birth of] a male, or all 14 days [before] a female.

Question: Does she have witchcraft [to know if she will give birth to a male or female]?! (We do not ask that witchcraft is needed to know when she will give birth, for some hold that it is always 271 days - PF.)

Note: I do not understand the question. Perhaps Taharos that she touched are Safek Tamei, and we know their status only after she gives birth!

Answer: When [her baby] is a male, [she spurted] seven [days of Tum'as Yoledes after the birth,] and when her baby] is a female, 14.

[We said that a nursing woman is Dayah Shaitah] when she ceased [seeing blood during the days of] Dam Tahor. (However, if she saw during Dam Tahor, even though it was not Metamei her, she is not Besulas Damim.)

Source: This is like what was taught, if her days of Dam Tahor finished and she did not see, and afterwards she saw, a case came in front of Chachamim and they said Dayah Shaitah.

Question: According to Rav, who says that there is one Mayan (source of Dam Nidah and Dam Tahor), just the Torah was Metaher it [during the days of Dam Tahor], this is fine. [Had she seen during the days of Tahor, she would not be Dayah Shaitah];

According to R. Yanai, who says that there is one Mayan, but it changes [from Dam Tamei to Dam Tahor, and back], this is fine;

[However,] according to Levi, who says that there are two Mayanos, even if she did not cease [seeing during the days of] Dam Tahor, she should be Dayah Shaitah (for what she saw was not Dam Nidah)!

Answer (R. Mana): Levi holds that since she is accustomed to seeing Tahor Dam, she gets used to seeing Tamei blood [and does not distinguish them].

Note: If she thinks that it is Dam Tahor, how does it help to say that she is not Dayah Shaitah? Perhaps since we tell her that she is not Dayah Shaitah, she realizes that now her blood is Tamei.

Implied question: (R. Yosi bei R. Bun): Levi can answer [an implied question] from the following Mishnah (1:5). R. Yosi says, a pregnant or nursing woman who had three periods [without blood] is Dayah Shaitah, and it was taught about this (Tosefta 1:10) that the days of her pregnancy and her nursing join to three periods. (According to Levi, it is irrelevant whether or not she ceased at the beginning of nursing, which is during the days of Dam Tahor, for any blood then is not from the source of Dam Nidah!

Answer: [The Tana] holds that there is one Mayan.

Note: The Yerushalmi did not show his source that any Tana argues with this! The Bavli (35b) brings a Beraisa, and says "granted, Levi can say that Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel argue about one Mayan or two, and he holds like Beis Hillel...''

Question: How long is it until the fetus is recognized?

Answer (Sumchus citing R. Meir): It is three months. Even though there is no proof, there is a support from a verse - "va'Yhi kemi'Shelosh Chadashim...'' (people saw that Tamar was pregnant).

(R. Yudan): Even if a woman was pregnant with air (she was assumed to be pregnant and saw blood, and nothing came out, she is Dayah Shaitah -- "Harinu Chalnu Kemo Yaladnu Ru'ach'' (it is called pregnancy. It says also) "Taharu Chashash Teldu Kash [Ruchachem].''

(R. Ze'ira citing R. Ba bar Zutra citing R. Chaninah citing R. Chiyah Rubah): Even the majority of the first month, the majority of the last [of the three] and the entire middle [month is enough to be recognized].

(Asi): It is 90 full days.

(Shmuel): It must be [three months] with their Iburim (the 30th day if the month was full. Normally, every other month is full.)

A case occurred in front of Rabanan there (in Bavel, of a woman whose husband was away for more than three months, and she gave birth six months after he returned). We do not know if there were 13 [days] from the first [month] and 17 from the last, or 17 from the first and 13 from the last, and five [full] months in the middle. They wanted to consider the child a Safek Mamzer (it is likely that he was not from her husband);

Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak told them, such a case came in front of Aba bar Ba, and he was Machshir.

Question: Does Aba bar Ba argue with his son Shmuel [who requires full months]?

Answer (R. Ba): [No. The time needed to recognize the fetus] is unlike [the time needed for] birth. Recognizing the fetus is after [three] full months. Birth is after [seven or nine] truncated months.

(Mishnah): How much is Kishuy (days of pain and blood before birth, during which we attribute blood to the birth)?

Answer #1 (R. Meir): We do so even 40 or 50 days before.

Answer #2 (R. Yehudah): Her [last] month [of pregnancy] suffices).

Answer #3 (R. Yosi and R. Shimon): Kishuy is not more than two weeks.

Inference (R. Yosi citing R. Ba): This teaches that a woman gives birth after truncated months. If not, [R. Yehudah] should say 30 days!

Rebuttal (R. Yosi bei R. Bun): This teaches that a woman gives birth after full months, for [R. Yehudah] taught "her month suffices.'' (I.e. her last month is always full.)

Question (R. Yudan): Is [the law of Kishuy] only for a proper birth?

Answer: No - it is even for a miscarriage. (PNEI MOSHE, Yevamos 4:11)

R. Mana: I heard in the name of Shmuel that recognizing the fetus is [just like] his birth (both require full months). I do not know from whom I heard this [in the name of Shmuel].

R. Ba bar Kohen, in front of R. Yosi: R. Yirmeyah said it.

R. Chizkiyah, in front of R. Yosi: R. Yirmeyah did not say it.

R. Yosi was upset [at R. Chizkiyah for saying so]. He said, if Yehoshua, who was tied to Moshe, would not say so [that Moshe did not say something, for perhaps he said so when Yehoshua was not there], and he (R. Chizkiyah, who was not tied to R. Yirmeyah) says so (that R. Yirmeyah never said so)?!

[R. Chizkiyah] retracted and said "yes, he said so - rather, [I am] like a man who heard a matter and challenged it. Does Aba bar Ba argue with his son Shmuel?!

(R. Berachiyah citing Shmuel): A woman gives birth after exactly 271, 272, 273 or 274 days [from the Bi'ah that led to conception].

R. Mana: From whom did Rebbi (i.e. you) hear this? He said, from R. Ba.

Question: R. Ba contradicts himself! There, he said that recognizing the fetus is unlike his birth (birth does not require full months), and here he says so?!

(R. Ba bar Zutra citing Shmuel): [Hash-m told Chavah] "Harbeh Arbeh'' (Bereishis 3:16). Whatever is in Harbeh (its Gematriya is 212, i.e. seven months, with three days for the semen to be absorbed), Arbeh (multiplying) applies to it (the baby can survive. We explained this like Bereishis Rabah 20:6, according to R. BECHAYEI on this verse.)

R. Chiya bar Ashi was sitting in front of Rav. He saw that he was alarmed. He asked him the reason.

[R. Chiya]: My donkey is pregnant, and it needs to give birth, and I must mate a male with it, lest it get cold;

[Rav] asked him "when did a male mate with it?'' He said "on day Ploni.'' [Rav] said "it needs to wait more days [until it gives birth], for it was taught that the least [gestation] is a lunar year, and the longest is not more than a solar year.''

Question: R. Yehoshua's teaching argues! R. Yehoshua ben Levi taught that Antoninus' bulls were passing by, and mated with [cows] of Rebbi's house. Some of them gave birth now (after incomplete months), and some gave birth afterwards! (We explained this like KORBAN HA'EDAH, Yevamos 4:11.)

Answer: This refers to Tamei animals, and this refers to Tahor animals (their time is not fixed. Rav and R. Yehoshua ben Levi do not argue.)

Question: It says "ha'Yadata Es Ledes Ya'alei Sala Cholel Ayalos Tishmor; Tispor Yerachim Temalenah v'Yadata Es Lidtanah'' (Ya'al is a Tahor Chayah, and it has a fixed time for gestation)!

Answer: A Tahor Chayah is like a Tamei Behemah. (Its time is not fixed.)

Note: It seems that R. Chiya bar Aba asked this to Rav, who answered him.