1)

(Yerushalmi Perek 1 Halachah 3 Daf 2b)

úðé ùìù áúåìåú äï áúåìú àãí áúåìú ù÷îä åáúåìú äàøõ

(a)

(Beraisa): There are three Besulos - Besulas Adam, Besulas sycamore, and Besulas Aretz;

áúåìú àãí ëì ùìà ðáòìä îéîéä áúåìú ù÷îä ëì ùìà ð÷ööä îéîéä áúåìú äàøõ ëì ùìà ðçøõ áä îéîéä

1.

Besulas Adam is any [girl] who never had Bi'ah. Besulas sycamore is one that was never cut. Besulas Aretz is that it never had a groove (furrow).

øáï ùîòåï áï âîìéàì àåîø ëì ùàéï áä çøõ

2.

R. Shimon ben Gamliel says, any [land] that does not have a groove [now].

åàôéìå ðéùàú åàôéìå òéáéøä åàôéìå îéðé÷ä åàôéìå ùåôòú ëì ùáòä ìæëø åëì àøáòä òùø ìð÷éáä.

(b)

[Besulas Damim] is even if she married, even if she became pregnant, even if she nurses, even if she spurts blood all seven days [before birth of] a male, or all 14 days [before] a female.

å÷ñîà áéãéä

(c)

Question: Does she have witchcraft [to know if she will give birth to a male or female]?! (We do not ask that witchcraft is needed to know when she will give birth, for some hold that it is always 271 days - PF.)

1.

Note: I do not understand the question. Perhaps Taharos that she touched are Safek Tamei, and we know their status only after she gives birth!

áùòä ùäåà æëø ùáòä åáùòä ùäéà ð÷éáä é"ã

(d)

Answer: When [her baby] is a male, [she spurted] seven [days of Tum'as Yoledes after the birth,] and when her baby] is a female, 14.

åäéà ùäôñé÷ä ãí èåäø

(e)

[We said that a nursing woman is Dayah Shaitah] when she ceased [seeing blood during the days of] Dam Tahor. (However, if she saw during Dam Tahor, even though it was not Metamei her, she is not Besulas Damim.)

ëäãà ãúðé äôñé÷ä ãí èäåø åìà øàú åàç"ë øàú åáà îòùä ìôðé çëîéí åàîøå ãééä ùòúä.

1.

Source: This is like what was taught, if her days of Dam Tahor finished and she did not see, and afterwards she saw, a case came in front of Chachamim and they said Dayah Shaitah.

òì ãòúéä ãøá ãäåà àîø îòééï àçã äåà àìà ùäúåøä èéäøä àåúå ðéçà

(f)

Question: According to Rav, who says that there is one Mayan (source of Dam Nidah and Dam Tahor), just the Torah was Metaher it [during the days of Dam Tahor], this is fine. [Had she seen during the days of Tahor, she would not be Dayah Shaitah];

òì ãòúéä ãøáé éðàé ãå àîø îòééï àçã äåà àìà ùäåà îùúðä éàåú

1.

According to R. Yanai, who says that there is one Mayan, but it changes [from Dam Tamei to Dam Tahor, and back], this is fine;

òì ãòúéä ãìåé ãäåà àîø ùðé îòéðåú äï àôéìå ìà äôñé÷ä ãí èåäø úäà ãééä ùòúä

2.

[However,] according to Levi, who says that there are two Mayanos, even if she did not cease [seeing during the days of] Dam Tahor, she should be Dayah Shaitah (for what she saw was not Dam Nidah)!

à"ø îðà èòîà ãìåé ùîúåê ùäéà îúøâìú áãîéí èäåøéï äéà îúøâìú áãîéí èîàéï

(g)

Answer (R. Mana): Levi holds that since she is accustomed to seeing Tahor Dam, she gets used to seeing Tamei blood [and does not distinguish them].

1.

Note: If she thinks that it is Dam Tahor, how does it help to say that she is not Dayah Shaitah? Perhaps since we tell her that she is not Dayah Shaitah, she realizes that now her blood is Tamei.

à"ø éåñé áé øáé áåï [ãó â òîåã à] éëéì ìåé ôúø ìä îï äãà ãúðéðï øáé éåñé àåîø îòåáøú åîéðé÷ä ùòáøå òìéäï ùìù òåðåú ãééï ùòúï åúðé òìä éîé òéáåøä åéîé îéðé÷åúä îöèøôéï ìùìù òåðåú

(h)

Implied question: (R. Yosi bei R. Bun): Levi can answer [an implied question] from the following Mishnah (1:5). R. Yosi says, a pregnant or nursing woman who had three periods [without blood] is Dayah Shaitah, and it was taught about this (Tosefta 1:10) that the days of her pregnancy and her nursing join to three periods. (According to Levi, it is irrelevant whether or not she ceased at the beginning of nursing, which is during the days of Dam Tahor, for any blood then is not from the source of Dam Nidah!

ãäåà ñáø îòééï àçã äåà

(i)

Answer: [The Tana] holds that there is one Mayan.

1.

Note: The Yerushalmi did not show his source that any Tana argues with this! The Bavli (35b) brings a Beraisa, and says "granted, Levi can say that Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel argue about one Mayan or two, and he holds like Beis Hillel..."

òã ëîä äåà äëøú äòåáø

(j)

Question: How long is it until the fetus is recognized?

ñåîëåñ àîø îùåí ø"î òã ùìùä çãùéí àó òì ôé ùàéï øàéä ìãáø æëø ìãáø [áøàùéú ìç ëã] åéäé ëîùìù çãùéí åâå'

(k)

Answer (Sumchus citing R. Meir): It is three months. Even though there is no proof, there is a support from a verse - "va'Yhi kemi'Shelosh Chadashim..." (people saw that Tamar was pregnant).

àîø øáé éåãï åàôéìå îòåáøåú øåç [éùòé' ëå éç] äøéðå çìðå ëîå éìãðå øåç [ùí ìâ éà] úäøå çùù úìãå ÷ù åâå'

1.

(R. Yudan): Even if a woman was pregnant with air (she was assumed to be pregnant and saw blood, and nothing came out, she is Dayah Shaitah -- "Harinu Chalnu Kemo Yaladnu Ru'ach" (it is called pregnancy. It says also) "Taharu Chashash Teldu Kash [Ruchachem]."

øáé æòéøà øáé áà áø æåèøà øáé çðéðä áùí øáé çééä øåáä àôéìå øåáå ùì øàùåï åøåáå ùì àçøåï åäàîöòé ùìí

2.

(R. Ze'ira citing R. Ba bar Zutra citing R. Chaninah citing R. Chiyah Rubah): Even the majority of the first month, the majority of the last [of the three] and the entire middle [month is enough to be recognized].

àñé àîø úùòéí éåí ùìéîéí

3.

(Asi): It is 90 full days.

åùîåàì àîø äï åòéáåøéäï

4.

(Shmuel): It must be [three months] with their Iburim (the 30th day if the month was full. Normally, every other month is full.)

àúà òåáãà ÷åîé øáðï ãúîï åìà éãòéï àí ùìùä òùø îï äøàùåï åùáòä òùø îï äàçøåï àå ùáòä òùø îï äøàùåï åùìù òùø îï äàçøåï åçîùä ùìéîéí áàîöò áé÷ùå ìéâò áååìã îùåí ñô÷ îîæéøåú

(l)

A case occurred in front of Rabanan there (in Bavel, of a woman whose husband was away for more than three months, and she gave birth six months after he returned). We do not know if there were 13 [days] from the first [month] and 17 from the last, or 17 from the first and 13 from the last, and five [full] months in the middle. They wanted to consider the child a Safek Mamzer (it is likely that he was not from her husband);

àîø ìåï øá ðçîï áø éò÷á ëäãéï òåáãà àúà ÷åîé àáà áø áà åàëùø

1.

Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak told them, such a case came in front of Aba bar Ba, and he was Machshir.

åàáà áø áà ôìéâ òì ùîåàì áøéä

(m)

Question: Does Aba bar Ba argue with his son Shmuel [who requires full months]?

àîø øáé áà ùðééà äéà äëøú äòåáø ùðééà äéà ìéãúå äëøú äòåáø ìçãùéí ùìéîéï åìéãúå ìçãùéí î÷åèòéï.

(n)

Answer (R. Ba): [No. The time needed to recognize the fetus] is unlike [the time needed for] birth. Recognizing the fetus is after [three] full months. Birth is after [seven or nine] truncated months.

úîï úðéðï ëîä äéà ÷éùåééä

(o)

(Mishnah): How much is Kishuy (days of pain and blood before birth, during which we attribute blood to the birth)?

ø' îàéø àåîø àôé' àøáòéí åçîùéí éåí

1.

Answer #1 (R. Meir): We do so even 40 or 50 days before.

ø' éäåãä àåîø ãééä çãùä

2.

Answer #2 (R. Yehudah): Her [last] month [of pregnancy] suffices).

øáé éåñé åø' ùîòåï àåîøéí àéï ÷éùåé éåúø îùúé ùáúåú

3.

Answer #3 (R. Yosi and R. Shimon): Kishuy is not more than two weeks.

øáé éåñé áùí ø' áà æàú àåîøú ùäàùä éåìãú ìçãùéí î÷åèòéï ãìà ëï ðéúðé ùìùéí éåí

(p)

Inference (R. Yosi citing R. Ba): This teaches that a woman gives birth after truncated months. If not, [R. Yehudah] should say 30 days!

øáé éåñé áé øáé áåï æàú àåîøú ùäàùä éåìãú ìçãùéí ùìéîéï ãúðéðï ãééä çãùä.

(q)

Rebuttal (R. Yosi bei R. Bun): This teaches that a woman gives birth after full months, for [R. Yehudah] taught "her month suffices." (I.e. her last month is always full.)

øáé éåãï áòé ñåó ãáø òã ùúìã

(r)

Question (R. Yudan): Is [the law of Kishuy] only for a proper birth?

ìà àôéìå äôéìä.

(s)

Answer: No - it is even for a miscarriage. (PNEI MOSHE, Yevamos 4:11)

àîø øáé îðà ùîòéú áùí ùîåàì äéà äëøú äòåáø äéà ìéãúå åìéú àðà éãò îï îä ùîòéú

(t)

R. Mana: I heard in the name of Shmuel that recognizing the fetus is [just like] his birth (both require full months). I do not know from whom I heard this [in the name of Shmuel].

àîø øáé áà áø ëäï ÷åîé øáé éåñé øáé éøîéä àîøä

1.

R. Ba bar Kohen, in front of R. Yosi: R. Yirmeyah said it.

àîø ìéä øáé çæ÷éä ìà àîøä øáé éøîéä

2.

R. Chizkiyah, in front of R. Yosi: R. Yirmeyah did not say it.

åàé÷ôã øáé éåñé ì÷éáìéä àîø àéìå éäåùò ùäéä ÷ùåø ìîùä ìà äåä àîø ëï åäåà àîø ëï

i.

R. Yosi was upset [at R. Chizkiyah for saying so]. He said, if Yehoshua, who was tied to Moshe, would not say so [that Moshe did not say something, for perhaps he said so when Yehoshua was not there], and he (R. Chizkiyah, who was not tied to R. Yirmeyah) says so (that R. Yirmeyah never said so)?!

çæø åàîø àéï àîøä àìà ëàéðù ãùîò îéìä åî÷ùé òìä åàáà áø áà ôìéâ òì ùîåàì áøéä.

ii.

[R. Chizkiyah] retracted and said "yes, he said so - rather, [I am] like a man who heard a matter and challenged it. Does Aba bar Ba argue with his son Shmuel?!

ø' áøëéä áùí ùîåàì ìòåìí àéï äàùä éåìãú àìà ìøò"à àå ìøò"á àå ìøò"â àå ìøò"ã

(u)

(R. Berachiyah citing Shmuel): A woman gives birth after exactly 271, 272, 273 or 274 days [from the Bi'ah that led to conception].

à"ì øáé îðà îðï ùîò øáé äãà îéìúà à"ì îï øáé áà.

1.

R. Mana: From whom did Rebbi (i.e. you) hear this? He said, from R. Ba.

îçìôä ùéèúéä ãøáé áà úîï äåà àîø ùðééà äåà äëøú äòåáø ùðééà äéà ìéãúå åäëà äåà àîø äëéï

(v)

Question: R. Ba contradicts himself! There, he said that recognizing the fetus is unlike his birth (birth does not require full months), and here he says so?!

øáé áà áø æåèøà îùí ùîåàì [ãó â òîåã á] ëì ùäåà áäøáä äøé äåà áàøáä.

(w)

(R. Ba bar Zutra citing Shmuel): [Hash-m told Chavah] "Harbeh Arbeh" (Bereishis 3:16). Whatever is in Harbeh (its Gematriya is 212, i.e. seven months, with three days for the semen to be absorbed), Arbeh (multiplying) applies to it (the baby can survive. We explained this like Bereishis Rabah 20:6, according to R. BECHAYEI on this verse.)

øáé çééä áø àùé äåä éúéá ÷åîé øá çîúéä îéáòú à"ì îäå ëï

(x)

R. Chiya bar Ashi was sitting in front of Rav. He saw that he was alarmed. He asked him the reason.

à"ì çîøúé îòáøä åäéà áòééà îéìã åàðà áòé îøáòúä ãìà úöèðï

1.

[R. Chiya]: My donkey is pregnant, and it needs to give birth, and I must mate a male with it, lest it get cold;

à"ì àéîúé òìä òìéä äæëø à"ì áéåí ôìï åçùá à"ì áòééà äéà òã ëãåï. åúðé ëï äôåçúú àéðä ôåçúú îéîåú äìáðä åäîåñôú àéðä îåñôú òì éîåú äçîä.

2.

[Rav] asked him "when did a male mate with it?" He said "on day Ploni." [Rav] said "it needs to wait more days [until it gives birth], for it was taught that the least [gestation] is a lunar year, and the longest is not more than a solar year."

îéìúéä ãøáé éäåùò ôìéâà ãîø øéá"ì á÷åøú ùì àðèåðéðåñ äéúä òåáøä åäøáéòå ùì áéú øáé îîðä ùååøéï åéù îäï ùéìãå òëùéå åéù îäï ùéìãå ìàçø æîï

(y)

Question: R. Yehoshua's teaching argues! R. Yehoshua ben Levi taught that Antoninus' bulls were passing by, and mated with [cows] of Rebbi's house. Some of them gave birth now (after incomplete months), and some gave birth afterwards! (We explained this like KORBAN HA'EDAH, Yevamos 4:11.)

ëàï ááäîä èîàä åëàï ááäîä èäåøä

1.

Answer: This refers to Tamei animals, and this refers to Tahor animals (their time is not fixed. Rav and R. Yehoshua ben Levi do not argue.)

åäëúéá [àéåá ìè à á] äéãòú òú ìãú éòìé ñìò çåìì àééìåú úùîåø úñôø éøçéí úîìàðä åéãòú òú ìãúðä

(z)

Question: It says "ha'Yadata Es Ledes Ya'alei Sala Cholel Ayalos Tishmor; Tispor Yerachim Temalenah v'Yadata Es Lidtanah" (Ya'al is a Tahor Chayah, and it has a fixed time for gestation)!

à"ì çéä èäåøä ëáäîä èîàä:

1.

Answer: A Tahor Chayah is like a Tamei Behemah. (Its time is not fixed.)

2..

Note: It seems that R. Chiya bar Aba asked this to Rav, who answered him.