[23a - 52 lines; 23b - 42 lines]

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We recommend using the textual changes suggested by the Bach and the marginal notes of the Vilna Shas. This section is devoted to any other important corrections that Acharonim have pointed out in the Gemara and Rashi.

[1] Gemara 23a [line 2]:

"Ki Heichi d'Lo Nigmar" ëé äéëé ãìà ðâîø

Rashi's Girsa did not include the words "Ki Heichi" ëé äéëé (RASHASH)

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1)[line 20]"ëé äðä éåöø äøéí åáåøà øåç ...""KI HINEI YOTZER HARIM U'VOREI RU'ACH ..."- "For, behold, He Who forms the mountains, and creates the wind, [and declares to man what is his thought; Who makes the dawn into darkness, and treads on the high places of the earth, HaSh-m, the G-d of hosts, is His Name!]" (Amos 4:13)

2)[line 22]âåùGUSH- a mass, lump [of flesh]

3)[line 22]äîôìú øåç úäà àîå èîàä ìéãäHA'MAPALES RU'ACH TEHEI IMO TEME'AH LEIDAH- a woman who miscarries a sac of skin (Shefir) filled with air is Teme'ah as if she bore a child

4)[line 27]ãáøé ÷áìäDIVREI KABALAH- words found in the Nevi'im and Kesuvim (RASHI)

5)[line 32]îåîéïMUMIN (BA'AL MUM)

(a)There are three types of blemishes (Bechoros 43a): 1. blemishes that invalidate a Kohen from doing the Avodah or invalidate an animal from being offered as a sacrifice on the Mizbe'ach; 2. blemishes that only invalidate a Kohen but not an animal; 3. blemishes that invalidate a Kohen and also an animal but only because of Mar'is ha'Ayin (for appearance sake).

(b)For a list of blemishes that invalidate an animal from being offered as a sacrifice (and permit a Bechor to be slaughtered to eat — Vayikra 22:22-24), see Background to Bechoros 41:3. Our Gemara is discussing the specific blemish where a part of the eye of the animal is round, like the human eye.

6)[line 33]àåëîàUCHMA- the black [of the eye] (pupil)

7)[line 33]öéøéàTZIRYA- the eye socket

8)[line 35]÷øéà ... å÷éôåôàKARYA … KIPOFA- types of owls

9)[line 46]ìñúåúLESATOS- cheeks

10)[line 50]äáéàå ... ìéãé âéçåê åìà âçéêHEVI'O ... L'YEDEI GICHUCH, V'LO GACHICH- he tried to cause him to laugh, but he did not laugh

23b----------------------------------------23b

11)[line 3]ñðãìSANDAL- a flattened calcified fetus

12)[line 4]ùìéàSHILYA- commonly translated as the placenta; a more accurate description is the fetal membranes in which the fetus forms, which are attached to the placenta (RASHI to Berachos 4a; TOSFOS to Nidah 18a DH Shilya and elsewhere in the Rishonim)

13)[line 4]ùôéø îøå÷íSHEFIR MERUKAM- the skin of a fetus that has started to take shape

14)[line 8]"... øàùéú àåðå ...""… REISHIS ONO …"- "[... he is] the first of his strength …" (Devarim 21:17) - The Gemara interprets the word "Ono" homiletically as related to "Onen" and "Aninus," i.e. a fetus over which its father will mourn were it to die.

15)[line 8]îé ùìáå ãåä òìéåMI SHE'LIBO DAVEH ALAV- [a child] for whom his heart would mourn [were he to die]

16)[line 27]äâáéðéíHA'GEVINIM- the eye brows

17)[line 27]âáåú äæ÷ïGABOS HA'ZAKAN- and the sides of the chin

18)[line 28]øáà àîø çñàRAVA AMAR CHASA- Rava said in the name of Chasa (an Amora)

19)[line 32]ôøöåó àçã îï äôøöåôéïPARTZUF ECHAD MIN HA'PARTZUFIN- one of the facial features

20)[line 37]áàîöò, àîå èäåøäBA'EMTZA, IMO TEME'AH- that is, if a child is born with only a left or right half of the body, it is considered human. But if its features are towards its center instead of to one side (e.g. one eye in the center of the head; one leg in the center of the trunk), it does not have a human appearance and its mother is Tehorah

21a)[line 38]åùèå ð÷åáVESHTO NAKUV- its esophagus has a hole in it

b)[line 38]åùèå àèåíVESHTO ATUM- its esophagus is sealed

22)[line 39]âåó àèåíGUF ATUM- a body missing limbs

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