(Mishnah): One may reattach a detached peel of a sapling using fertilizer, one may wrap a sapling (to protect it from the sun), break off the tops of the branches, build a shelter (from the sun or cold) around it and water it until Rosh Hashana.

(R. Eliezer bei R. Tzadok): You may water the foliage but not the roots and it may be done even in Sheviis itself.

Until Rosh Hashana, one may apply oil to unripe figs (to ripen them) and pierce them (to allow the oil to penetrate).

For unripe figs of Erev Sheviis entering into Sheviis and of Sheviis entering into Motzei Sheviis - one may not apply oil nor pierce them.

(R. Yehuda): In a place where the custom is to apply oil to unripe figs, one may not do so, because it is considered part of its growth. But in places where applying oil is not customary, it may be done.

R. Shimon permits working on a tree on Motzei Sheviis (even though it is full of Sheviis fruits).

(Gemara): The Mishnah taught that one may reattach a detached peel. This follows the view of Rebbi, who only allows this on Erev Sheviis, but the Rabbanan say that one may reattach a peel and fumigate in Sheviis (itself) but not on Chol HaMoed. But on both Sheviis and Chol HaMoed, one may not cut branches (so that many other branches will sprout there) although one may remove a visible worm (even on Chol HaMoed).

Question (R. Yosa citing R. Avuna): What's the difference between fumigating (that the Rabbanan permitted) and making a shelter around it (that the Mishnah only permitted on Erev Sheviis but not Sheviis itself)?

Answer: Fumigating is like assigning a guard; making a shelter improves its growth.

(Mishnah in Perek 4): One who chops branches from an olive tree should not cover the branch stub with dust, but he may cover it with stones and straw (to prevent the tree from drying out).

Question (R. Yosa citing R. Avuna): What's the difference between straw and dust?

Answer: Using straw is like assigning a guard; using dust makes wet mud and causes it to grow.

(Tosefta) (R. Yosi ben Kipar citing R. Elazar ben Shamua): Beis Shammai say that one may water the foliage and it will run down onto the roots; Beis Hillel say that one may water both the foliage and even the roots.

The House of R. Yannai would water with a basket (rather than with a bucket, to perform it in an unusual way).

R. Yitzchak bar Tavlai also ordered that it should be done in this way.

(R. Chiya bar Ba/ R. Yudan bar Gurai): He should water with a basket and dig (so that the water should penetrate into the ground) and the person should say to himself, "Do I want to work the land?" (thereby showing that he has no interest in the digging other than to make the water penetrate).

In the times of R. Chiya bar Ba, while they were still saplings, they would water the date palms through a new basket of feathers or palm branches.

The Mishnah taught that until Rosh Hashana, one may apply oil to unripe figs. (It then taught a second law concerning unripe figs of Erev Sheviis entering into Sheviis and of Sheviis entering into Motzei Sheviis - one may not apply oil nor pierce them.) But the Tannaim of the House of Rebbi taught them as one law - One may apply oil and pierce the unripe figs until Rosh Hashana - this applies to unripe figs of Erev Sheviis, entering into Sheviis; but one may not apply oil and pierce figs of Sheviis entering Motzei Sheviis.

Two Amoraim disagree - R. Elazar follows the text of our Mishnah and R. Yochanan followed the text of the House of Rebbi.

According to R. Elazar, R. Yehuda (above (e), that it depends on the custom,) came to be lenient; according to R. Yochanan, he came to be stringent.

(Mishnah): One may not plant, sink (bend down a branch of a vine into the ground so that it grows out as a separate vine) or graft on Erev Sheviis within 30 days of Rosh Hashana. If he did, he must uproot it.

(R. Yehuda): Any grafting that hasn't taken root within 3 days will not take root. R. Yosi and R. Shimon said 2 weeks.

(Gemara) (R. Elazar citing R. Yosi bar Zimra): (The Mishnah taught that one may not plant, sink...if he did, he must uproot it.) This is when he doesn't know if it took root; but if he certain that it took root, it is permitted.

Question: If he was required to uproot and he didn't, are the fruits permitted?

R. Ba and R. Ila were sitting in Tzur. This question came before them. R. Ila ruled that they are prohibited. R. Ba said - I didn't agree - we cannot create our own decrees. They said - let's go out and study it. They went out and heard R. Yona and R. Yitzchak bar Tivlai saying from R. Elazar that we cannot create our own decrees (to prohibit the fruits).

Version #2 (R. Yosa/ R. Yitzchak bar Tivlai citing R. Elazar): We may not add to decrees.

Question: If a father planted it and then died, may his son leave it growing?

Baraisa (R. Yaakov bar Abayei of Bardalei): If he planted it and died, his son may leave it growing.

This Baraisa follows the opinion that the reason that it must be uprooted is because Jews are suspected of transgressing the laws of Sheviis (but since the father was suspected but not the son, there is no requirement for the son to uproot it when the father died). But according to the opinion that it is because Jews count the (3 years of) Orlah from Sheviis (so that when the tree is 3 years old, they will calculated backwards and say that it must have been planted in Sheviis)- whether it is in the father's or the son's possession, there is reason to prohibit.

Tosefta: If one plants, sinks, grafts 30 days before Rosh Hashana, it is considered to be a full year and permitted to keep in Sheviis. If it was less than 30 days before Rosh Hashana, it is not considered a complete year and prohibited to keep. However, they said that fruits that grew 30 days before Rosh Hashana are prohibited as Orlah until the 15th of Shevat of the 3rd year.

Question: What's the source for this?

Answer (R. Yosa citing R. Yochanan): The pasuk states about the year that follows the 3 years of Orlah (Vayikra 19:24), "...and in the (4th) year" - the word 'and' teaches that sometimes the 4th year is prohibited like the first 3 years, such as in our case.

Question: How does the pasuk indicate this?

Answer (R. Zeira): (Start reading from the previous pasuk (19:23-24)), "it shall be blocked from you for three years, not to be eaten; and in the 4th year". (The prohibition can extend to the 4th year.)

(R. Abba bar Mamal to R. Zeira): It appears that those fruits are prohibited until the 15th Shevat when they were planted 30 days before Rosh Hashana (since there are two years plus 30 days that are considered a year); but if it less than 30 days before Rosh Hashana, he must wait three full years from Rosh Hashana (but not until the following 15th of Shevat) - if 3 full years have already passed, would the Torah require more than that?

Rebuttal (R. Zeira): If that would be true (that the 'and' of the pasuk only applies when 2 years and 30 days have passed), perhaps we should say that if it was planted 30 days before Rosh Hashana, it should be prohibited until 30 days before Rosh Hashana of the 4th year?

(R. Mana): The 30 days before Rosh Hashana are considered a year, so at Rosh Hashana after two more years, they are no longer Orlah Min HaTorah, but the Rabbanan added to the prohibition until 15th of Shevat.