If one sowed (by throwing) two types of seeds in a valley (a field that was prepared for planting), an empty area (6 Tefachim from one another) or on two sides of a fence - R. Yochanan exempts from Kilayim; R. Shimon ben Lakish obligates.

R. Shimon ben Lakish agrees that if one planted them on the sea, on hard soil, on rocks or on sharp pebbles, he is exempt.

R. Shimon ben Lakish agrees that if one planted them (by throwing them down) in a way that they are on either side of a fence, he is exempt.

(R. Ba Kartigania): R. Shimon ben Lakish agrees that he only desecrates Shabbos when it actually lands on the ground.

Question: The Mishnah disproves R. Yochanan, as it taught - When one sows wheat and barley together, it is Kilayim...? (It said 'together', meaning 'at the same time' - but if the Torah prohibits planted them close to each other, it shouldn't make a difference whether or not it was at the same time?)

Answer: 'Together' means within 6 Tefachim of each other, as R. Yochanan said that one is only liable if there is an area of 6 by 6 Tefachim in his grain field that is bare, or it is fenced in and he plants two other types there. (Then the two types are considered planted together.)

Question: In such cases, could R. Yehuda have said that they are not Kilayim (because there are only two types)?

Answer (R. Zeira): R. Yehuda follows his reasoning elsewhere (in Perek 3 Halacha 3), that when there are two types, if they are a Tefach apart, they are not Kilayim.

(R. Yosi): If one wishes to ask on this teaching of R. Zeira, he could understand the words of R. Yehuda from the Rabbanan - just as the Rabbanan (in Perek 2 Halacha 9) require a separation of a Beis Rova (which is 10 Amos) between them, although Min HaTorah he is liable only if they are both within 6 by 6 Tefachim. R. Yehuda said that the Rabbanan prohibit within 6 by 6 although Min HaTorah he is liable in the same Tefach,

Question: But a Baraisa taught that R. Yehuda permits (if he didn't plant two wheat seeds together with a barley seed - even though they are in the same area of 6 by 6 Tefachim)?

Question #2: Where did R. Shimon ben Lakish (obligate in lashes one who plants two types in a valley)? For the two types leaving his hand together (even if they didn't fall to the same place). But R. Yehuda taught (in the Mishnah) that they are not Kilayim, (assumedly because they didn't yet rest on the ground (meaning that R. Shimon ben Lakish's ruling is actually a dispute between the Tannaim)?

Answer (Reish Lakish): R. Yehuda says that one is only liable for Kilayim when it actually rests.

Question (Baraisa): R. Yehuda permits. Doesn't that refer to even if it didn't rest...?

Answer (R. Hila): R. Shimon ben Lakish follows his reasoning elsewhere, as he said in the name of Chizkiyah (later in Menachos 38 (f)) that if the end of a row (called a Rosh Tur) entered another species but then the row itself became destroyed, it is still permitted.

Question: If so, even two wheat seeds and a barley seed could be made like a Rosh Tur?! Is that so? But the Mishnah says that there's only a prohibition of Kilayim when there are two wheat and one barley or one wheat and two barley, or one wheat one barley and one spelt - but why would they be Kilayim if he made them like a Rosh Tur?

Answer: When there was one wheat on each side with barley in the middle, with fences along the sides of them

(R. Matanya): It's specifically because there are fences on each side that it is Kilayim, but if one side is open, it is permitted.