[10a - 52 lines; 10b - 49 lines]
1)[line 1]"גִּלְעָד קִרְיַת פּוֹעֲלֵי אָוֶן, עֲקֻבָּה מִדָּם""GIL'AD KIRYAS PO'ALEI AVEN, AKUBAH MI'DAM"- "Gil'ad is a city of those who work iniquity, full of people who pursue others to shed blood" (Hoshea 6:8).
2)[line 2]עוקביןOKVIN- pursue, hunt down
3)[line 6]"וּכְחַכֵּי אִישׁ גְּדוּדִים חֶבֶר כֹּהֲנִים דֶּרֶךְ יְרַצְּחוּ שֶׁכְמָה; [כִּי זִמָּה עָשׂוּ]""UCH'CHAKEI ISH GEDUDIM, CHEVER KOHANIM, DERECH YERATZCHU SHECHMAH; KI ZIMAH ASU"- "And as troops of robbers wait for a man [to rob], so does a band of Kohanim murder as one group, for they devised a plot" (Hoshea 6:9) - Even though the word "Shechmah" means "as one group," or "with one resolution," Abaye uses it homiletically to refer to the city named Shechem.
4)[line 9]בבית הגרנותBEIS HA'GERANOS- the threshing floors
5)[line 10]"[וְאֵת הֶעָרִים אֲשֶׁר תִּתְּנוּ לַלְוִיִּם אֵת שֵׁשׁ עָרֵי הַמִּקְלָט אֲשֶׁר תִּתְּנוּ לָנֻס שָׁמָּה הָרֹצֵחַ;] וַעֲלֵיהֶם תִּתְּנוּ אַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁתַּיִם עִיר""... VA'ALEIHEM TITENU ARBA'IM U'SHTAYIM IR"- "... and in addition, you shall give forty-two cities [to the Leviyim]" (Bamidbar 35:6).
6)[line 15]פרוודהא / פרוורהאPARVADAHA / PARVARAHA- its suburbs
7)[line 15]"וְאֶת שְׂדֵה הָעִיר וְאֶת חֲצֵרֶיהָ נָתְנוּ לְכָלֵב בֶּן יְפֻנֶּה [בַּאֲחֻזָּתוֹ]""V'ES SEDEH HA'IR V'ES CHATZEIREHA NASNU L'CHALEV BEN YEFUNEH [BA'ACHUZASO]"- "But the fields of the city, and its villages, they gave to Kalev the son of Yefuneh [for his possession]" (Yehoshua 21:12).
8)[line 17]"וְעָרֵי מִבְצָר; הַצִּדִּים צֵר וְחַמַּת רַקַּת וְכִנָּרֶת. [וַאֲדָמָה וְהָרָמָה וְחָצוֹר.] וְקֶדֶשׁ וְאֶדְרֶעִי וְעֵין חָצוֹר""V'AREI MIVTZAR, HA'TZIDIM, TZER V'CHAMAS, RAKAS V'CHINARES VA'ADAMAH... V'KEDESH V'EDRE'I V'EIN CHATZOR"- "And fortified cities: ha'Tzidim, Tzer and Chamas, Rakas and Kineres. And Adamah... and Kedesh and Edre'i and Ein Chatzor" (Yehoshua 19: 35-37).
9a)[line 20]טירין קטניםTIRIN KETANIM- small fortresses (the Girsa in Erchin 33b is כפרים קטנים KEFARIM KETANIM - small villages - CHESHEK SHLOMO)
b)[line 20]כרכים גדוליםKERACHIM GEDOLIM- large walled cities
c)[line 21]עיירות בינוניותAYAROS BEINONIYOS- middle-sized cities without walls
10a)[line 22]סליקוםSELIKUM- (a) Salcha, which is translated as Salvakia by the Targum Yonasan ben Uziel (Devarim 3:10), a city in the Golan (ARUCH Erech Salik); (b) Seleucia, ancient city of Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq). (See Background to Bava Basra 52:9 for a short history of Seleucia.) (MUSAF HE'ARUCH)
b)[line 22]ואקרא דסליקוםAKRA D'SELIKUM- a small city near Selikum (see previous entry) known as Akra d'Selikum
11)[line 24]מביאין להם מיםMEVI'IN LAHEM MAYIM- they bring water to them (by constructing aqueducts)
12)[line 24]שווקיםSHEVAKIM- markets
13)[line 25]אוכלוסיןUCHLUSIN- soldiers (i.e., surrounding villages and settlements, the inhabitants of which could join forces to prevent Goalei ha'Dam from taking the city by force - RASHI)
14)[line 25]דיוריהןDIYUREIHEN- residents (of the city)
15a)[line 26]כלי זייןKELEI ZAYIN- weapons
b)[line 26]כלי מצודהKELEI METZUDAH- traps
c)[line 26]ואין מפשילין לתוכן חבליםEIN MAFSHILIN L'SOCHAN CHAVALIM- no one may twist ropes in them (since this process needs large spaces, which would result in a large city that would attract many people, including the Go'el ha'Dam - ARUCH LA'NER)
16)[line 27]"[לָנֻס שָׁמָּה רוֹצֵחַ אֲשֶׁר יִרְצַח אֶת רֵעֵהוּ בִּבְלִי דַעַת, וְהוּא לֹא שֹׂנֵא לוֹ מִתְּמֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם;] וְנָס אֶל אַחַת מִן הֶעָרִים הָאֵל וָחָי""... V'NAS EL ACHAS MIN HE'ARIM HA'EL VA'CHAI"- "[So that the killer, who killed his neighbor unintentionally, and did not hate him in times past, might flee there;] and that by fleeing to one of these cities he might live" (Devarim 4:42).
17)[line 29]הגוןHAGUN- proper, righteous
18)[line 30]"אֶת בֶּצֶר בַּמִּדְבָּר [בְּאֶרֶץ הַמִּישֹׁר לָראוּבֵנִי, וְאֶת רָאמֹת בַּגִּלְעָד לַגָּדִי, וְאֶת גּוֹלָן בַּבָּשָׁן לַמְנַשִּׁי]""ES BETZER BA'MIDBAR..."- "[The cities of refuge are:] Betzer in the wilderness, [in the plain country, of the tribe of Reuven; and Ramos in Gil'ad, of the tribe of Gad; and Golan in Bashan, of the tribe of Menasheh]" (Devarim 4:43).
19)[line 30]וכתיב בתריה,"וְזֹאת הַתּוֹרָה [אֲשֶׁר שָׂם מֹשֶׁה לִפְנֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל]"U'CHESIV BASREI, "V'ZOS HA'TORAH..."- and it states immediately afterward, "And this is the Torah [that Moshe placed before the Bnei Yisrael]" (to indicate that the Torah, also, is a means of refuge)
20)[line 32]בבי רבBEI RAV- in the Beis Midrash
21)[line 33]סליק ויתיב אארזא דבי רבSALIK V'YASIV A'ARZA D'VEI RAV- he went up into and sat (a) in the cedar tree of the Beis Midrash; (b) on the cedar pillar or beam of the Beis Midrash
22)[line 33]פקע ארזאPAKA ARZA- (a) the cedar tree broke, blew up; (b) the cedar pillar or beam of the Beis Midrash cracked
23a)[line 36]הזרח שמש לרוצחיםHAZRE'ACH SHEMESH LA'ROTZCHIM- make the sun rise for the [unintentional] killers (i.e. make sure that the cities that you separate are equipped with the necessities that the Gemara just mentioned)
b)[line 36]הִזְרַחְתָּ שמש לרוצחיםHIZRACHTA SHEMESH LA'ROTZCHIM- you made the sun rise for the [unintentional] killers (i.e. you made sure that the cities that you separated were equipped with the necessities that the Gemara just mentioned)
24)[line 37]"אוֹהֵב כֶּסֶף לֹא יִשְׂבַּע כֶּסֶף, וּמִי אֹהֵב בֶּהָמוֹן לֹא תְבוּאָה; [גַּם זֶה הָבֶל]""OHEV KESEF LO YISBA KESEF, U'MI OHEV BE'HAMON LO SEVU'AH; [GAM ZEH HAVEL]"- "He who loves silver shall not be satisfied with silver, nor he who loves abundance with gain; [this also is vanity]" (Koheles 5:9).
25)[line 42](סימן אשי ללמוד, רבינא ללמד)(SIMAN ASHI LILMOD, RAVINA LILAMED)- this is a mnemonic device to remember the names of the two Amora'im who are mentioned in the following lines of the Gemara and the topic of their statements. It stands for:
1.Rav Ashi Amar, Kol ha'Ohev Lilmod... (line 42)
2.Ravina Amar, Kol ha'Ohev Lilamed... (line 45)
26)[line 43]"חֶרֶב אֶל הַבַּדִּים וְנֹאָלוּ...""CHEREV EL HA'BADIM V'NO'ALU..."- "A sword is upon the liars; and they shall become fools..." (Yirmeyahu 50:36) - The Gemara interprets the word "ha'Badim," as "those who are [learning Torah] by themselves."
27)[line 43]שונאיהם של תלמידי חכמיםSONEIHEM SHEL TALMIDEI CHACHAMIM- (lit. those who hate Talmidei Chachamim) a euphemism for the Talmidei Chachamim
28)[line 44]בד בבדBAD B'VAD- individually (בד Bad = an individual stalk, a twig)
29)[line 44]"[וַיֹּאמֶר אַהֲרֹן אֶל מֹשֶׁה; בִּי אֲדֹנִי, אַל נָא תָשֵׁת עָלֵינוּ חַטָּאת] אֲשֶׁר נוֹאַלְנוּ וַאֲשֶׁר חָטָאנוּ""... ASHER NO'ALNU VA'ASHER CHATANU"- "[And Aharon said to Moshe: Please, my master, I beg you, do not cast a sin upon us,] because we have acted foolishly, and because we have sinned" (Bamidbar 12:11).
30)[line 45]"נוֹאֲלוּ שָׂרֵי צֹעַן נִשְּׁאוּ שָׂרֵי נֹף [הִתְעוּ אֶת מִצְרַיִם פִּנַּת שְׁבָטֶיהָ]""NO'ALU SAREI TZO'AN [NISHE'U SAREI NOF, HIS'U ES MITZRAYIM PINAS SHEVATEHA]"- "The princes of Tzo'an have become fools, [the princes of Nof are deceived; they have also made Egypt go astray, even those who are the mainstay of its tribes]" (Yeshayah 19:13).
31)[line 48]שערי ירושלם, שהיו עוסקים בתורהSHA'AREI YERUSHALAYIM SHE'HAYU OSKIM BA'TORAH- the Batei Midrash (lit. gates) of Yerushalayim in which the scholars were learning Torah diligently
32)[line 1]פרשת דרכיםPARASHAS DERACHIM- the crossroads
33)[line 5]"טוֹב וְיָשָׁר ה', עַל כֵּן יוֹרֶה חַטָּאִים בַּדָּרֶךְ""TOV V'YASHAR HASH-M, AL KEN YOREH CHATA'IM BA'DARECH"- "Good and upright is HaSh-m, therefore He instructs sinners in the [righteous] way" (Tehilim 25:8).
34)[line 7]"וַאֲשֶׁר לֹא צָדָה, וְהָאֱלֹקִים אִנָּה לְיָדוֹ; [וְשַׂמְתִּי לְךָ מָקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יָנוּס שָׁמָּה]""VA'ASHER LO TZADAH, VEHA'EL-KIM INAH L'YADO..."- "And if a man does not lie in wait, but HaSh m has caused it (the accidental murder) to come into his hand; [then I will appoint you a place where he shall flee]" (Shemos 21:13).
35)[line 8]"כַּאֲשֶׁר יֹאמַר מְשַׁל הַקַּדְמֹנִי, מֵרְשָׁעִים יֵצֵא רֶשַׁע...""KA'ASHER YOMAR MESHAL HA'KADMONI, ME'RESHA'IM YETZEI RESHA..."- "As the Ancient Proverb (a reference to the Torah) states, 'Wickedness proceeds from the wicked...'" (Shmuel I 24:13).
36)[line 13]לפונדקPUNDAK- an inn
37)[line 18]"לֹא תֵלֵךְ עִמָּהֶם" / "קוּם לֵךְ אִתָּם""LO SELECH IMAHEM" / "KUM LECH ITAM"- "Do not go with them" (Bamidbar 22:12) / "Get up and go with them" (Bamidbar 22:20) - HaSh-m said these words to Bil'am.
38)[line 19]"[כֹּה אָמַר ה' גֹּאַלְךָ, קְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל;] אֲנִי ה' אֱלֹקֶיךָ מְלַמֶּדְךָ לְהוֹעִיל, מַדְרִיכְךָ בְּדֶרֶךְ תֵּלֵךְ""... ANI HASH-M EL-KECHA, MELAMEDCHA L'HO'IL, MADRICHECHA B'DERECH TELECH"- "[Thus says HaSh-m, your redeemer, the Holy One of Yisrael;] I am HaSh-m, your G-d, Who teaches you for your benefit, Who leads you by the way that you should go" (Yeshayah 48:17).
39)[line 20]"אִם לַלֵּצִים הוּא יָלִיץ וְלַעֲנָוִים יִתֶּן חֵן""IM LA'LETZIM HU YALITZ VELA'ANAVIM YITEN CHEN"- "He (HaSh-m) scoffs at the scoffers and gives grace to the humble" (Mishlei 3:34) - Since HaSh-m scoffs at the Leitzim, He holds back Divine assistance and does not prevent their spiritual downfall.
40)[line 21]"[פֶּן יִרְדֹּף גֹּאֵל הַדָּם אַחֲרֵי הָרֹצֵחַ, כִּי יֵחַם לְבָבוֹ, וְהִשִּׂיגוֹ כִּי יִרְבֶּה הַדֶּרֶךְ וְהִכָּהוּ נָפֶשׁ;] וְלוֹ אֵין מִשְׁפַּט מָוֶת, כִּי לֹא שֹׂנֵא הוּא לוֹ מִתְּמוֹל שִׁלְשׁוֹם""... V'LO EIN MISHPAT MAVES..."- "[Lest the avenger of the blood pursue the slayer, while his heart is hot, and overtake him, because the way is long, and slay him;] though he was not deserving of death, [since in times past he did not hate him]" (Devarim 19:6).
41)[line 31]הרבה שליחות עושהHARBEH SHELICHUS OSAH- (lit. agency does much) sending emissaries at times accomplishes more than what would have been accomplished by the sender (the Girsa in RASHI DH Harbeh should be changed from "u'Miskabelim Al Yedei Harbeh Sheluchim to "u'Miskabelim Harbeh Al Yedei Sheluchim" - RASHASH)
42)[line 32]והא תניאV'HA TANYA- (this is a statement, not a question)
43)[line 40]"[וְנָס אֶל אַחַת מֵהֶעָרִים הָאֵלֶּה, וְעָמַד פֶּתַח שַׁעַר הָעִיר] וְדִבֶּר בְּאָזְנֵי זִקְנֵי הָעִיר הַהִיא אֶת דְּבָרָיו; [וְאָסְפוּ אֹתוֹ הָעִירָה אֲלֵיהֶם, וְנָתְנוּ לוֹ מָקוֹם וְיָשַׁב עִמָּם]""... V'DIBER B'OZNEI ZIKNEI HA'IR HA'HI ES DEVARAV..."- "[And when he who flees to one of those cities shall stand at the entrance of the gate of the city,] and shall declare his cause in the ears of the elders of that city; [they shall take him into the city to them, and give him a place, that he may live among them]" (Yehoshua 20:4).
44)[line 40]ולא שהושוו דבריהן לדבריוLO SHE'HUSHVU DIVREIHEN LI'DEVARAV- and not that his words should match their words, i.e. that they are killers just like him (with regard to the fact that the Gemara brings a proof for a city that has a majority of killers from a verse that describes the elders of the city, see RITVA (end of 9b); ARUCH HA'SHULCHAN Choshen Mishpat 425:56; ARUCH LA'NER)
45)[line 41]זקניםZEKENIM- elders
46)[line 45]בן סורר ומורהBEN SORER U'MOREH - the "wayward and rebellious son"
(a)A boy can be tried as a Ben Sorer u'Moreh (Devarim 21:18-21) from the time that he shows signs of puberty (when two hairs grow) until he reaches a further stage of development (approximately three months later). He must steal money from his father, and buy 50 Dinar's weight of meat, eating it rare outside his father's property and in bad company. He must also drink half a Log (5 oz.) of wine with the meal. It is therefore forbidden for a boy of this age to eat such a meal at any time (SEFER HA'MITZVOS, Lo Sa'aseh #195)
(b)A Ben Sorer u'Moreh is punished with Sekilah (stoning). Rebbi Yosi ha'Glili explains that since he is running after worldly pleasures, he will eventually deplete all of his father's possessions, and when there is nothing left, he will stand at a crossroads and steal from people. It is better to kill him when he is young and has few sins than to let him live and die a wicked man (Sanhedrin 72a).
(c)The Gemara (Sanhedrin 68b-72a) learns that there are additional conditions necessary to become a Ben Sorer u'Moreh, which are so numerous and intricate that it is unfeasible for this punishment ever to be executed.
47)[line 47]עגלה ערופהEGLAH ARUFAH
(a)If a Jew is found murdered in a field (in Eretz Yisrael) and it is not known who the murderer is, the Torah requires that an Eglah Arufah be brought in order to atone for the blood that was spilled (Devarim 21:1). The procedure is as follows:
(b)Five elders (according to the opinion of Rebbi Yehudah, which is the Halachah) of the Beis Din of the Lishkas ha'Gazis (the Jewish Supreme Court) measure the distance between the dead body and the cities around it to determine which city is closest to it.
(c)The elders of the city that is closest to the corpse must bring a female calf that has never been worked (see Background to Bava Metzia 30:12:b) to a Nachal Eisan (a swiftly flowing stream - RAMBAM Hilchos Rotze'ach 9:2; a valley with tough soil - RASHI). They strike it on the back of its neck (Arifah) with a cleaver, severing its spinal column, gullet and windpipe.
(d)The elders of the closest city then wash their hands there and say, "Our hands have not spilled this blood, and our eyes did not see [the murder]" (Devarim 21:7). This includes a proclamation that the dead man was not sent away from the city without the proper food for his journey or the proper accompaniment. The Kohanim that are present say, "Atone for Your people Yisrael whom You have redeemed, HaSh-m, and do not place [the guilt for] innocent blood in the midst of Your people Yisrael" (ibid. 21:8). After this procedure, HaSh-m will grant atonement for the innocent blood that was spilled (RAMBAM Hilchos Rotze'ach 9:3).