(Gemara): If it [hangs and] can be taken by the rope [it is strong enough, i.e. it will not snap], all permit it;

They argue in a case where it cannot be taken by the rope.

R. Yosi holds that since it has a pestle at the end, it is considered a Kli. (Locking with it does not look like building);

R. Eliezer holds that since it cannot be taken by the rope, it is like a bolt that is not connected. (The coming Mishnah forbids this.)

(Mishnah): One may lock with a 'dragging' bolt (this will be explained) in the Mikdash, but not outside the Mikdash. (Every leniency in the Mikdash is because Ein Shevus b'Mikdash, i.e. needs of Avodah override mid'Rabanan stringencies);

If it is [not tied, rather,] resting [on the ground] it is forbidden everywhere. (One who locks with it is liable for building);

R. Yehudah says, if it is resting it is permitted in the Mikdash. If it drags it is permitted [even] outside the Mikdash.

(Gemara - Beraisa) Question: What is the 'dragging' bolt permitted in the Mikdash and forbidden outside?

Answer #1: It is tied to the wall, hangs down, and reaches the ground.

Objection (R. Yehudah): This is permitted even outside the Mikdash!

Answer #2 (R. Yehudah): The bolt permitted only in the Mikdash is neither tied nor hanging; one removes it and leaves it [on the ground] in a corner.

(Rav Yehudah): The Halachah follows R. Yehudah regarding a bolt that [hangs and] drags.

(Rava): This is only if it is tied to the door [but not if it is tied to the doorpost. Then, it looks like building.]

Question: R. Tavla visited Mechuza (Rava's city) and saw a bolt hanging from the supporting beam of a door, and he did not say anything!

Answer: That bolt could be taken by the rope.

Rav Avya visited Neharda'a; he saw a man tying [a bolt to the door] with a reed.

Rav Avya: You may not lock with it. (It is not considered tied, for the reed is too weak.)

Question (R. Zeira): What is the law of Nikmaz? (There is a hole in the ground behind the door for the bolt to enter to lock the door.)

Answer (Rav Yosef - Beraisa): Nishmat is forbidden. (The rope holding a bolt snapped, and one leaves the bolt in a corner when the door is unlocked.) Nikmaz is permitted;

R. Yehudah says, Nikmaz is forbidden even if it is not Nishmat.

(Rav Yehudah): The Halachah follows R. Yehudah regarding Nikmaz.

Question: What is the reason?

Answer (Abaye): It looks like building.

Question (Rav Nechumi bar Zecharyah): If one made a handle [in the middle of a bolt that is not tied], what is the law?

Answer (Abaye): With the handle it is like a pestle! (Surely, it is permitted.)

(Rav Nechumi bar Ada): If one made a handle [for a bolt], it is permitted.

There was a beam in R. Pedas' house that required 10 people to move it [due to its weight]. They put it next to the door [to support it at night]. He did not comment;

He permitted because it is considered a Kli.

There was a mortar in Shmuel's house that contained 15 Sa'im (about 180 liters). He permitted people to put it next to the door, because it is considered a Kli.

(Rav Amram citing Rav Asi): If arches on a boat [on which mats are spread to shield from rain and cold] are [each] a Tefach wide, or if they are within three Tefachim of each other, one may spread a mat over them [on Shabbos].

Question: What is the reason?

Answer: (They are already considered an Ohel. In the latter case, this is due to Lavud.) One may add to a temporary Ohel.

Rav Huna had rams that needed shade during the day and air at night.

Rav: Just before Shabbos, do not remove the mat [spread over them during the day]. Rather, roll it up, and leave a Tefach spread, so on Shabbos day you may unroll it (adding to a temporary Ohel).

(Rav): One may spread a curtain [for privacy] or Kilas Chasanim (a canopy over a bed with a pointed roof. See the diagram in Rashi) on Shabbos, or take it down.

(Rav Sheshes brei d'Rav Idi): This is only if the roof is not a Tefach wide. If it is, it is forbidden.

Even if the roof is not a Tefach wide, it is permitted only if it is not a Tefach wide within three Tefachim of the roof. If it is, it is forbidden.

Even if it is not a Tefach wide within three, it is permitted only if the Shipu'a (horizontal component of the slope) is less than a Tefach. If it is a Tefach, Shipu'a [of a slanted] Ohel is considered like a [horizontal] Ohel, so it is forbidden. (Rashi - surely, the bed is at least two Tefachim wide, so the Shipu'a on each side is at least a Tefach! We must say that if the canopy rests on several lengthwise poles; it is permitted if the Shipu'a between any two poles is less than a Tefach - see Perush Chai diagram, Perek 10 number 92, in the English Charts section.)

(Rav Shisha brei d'Rav Idi): One may wear a felt hat on Shabbos.

Question: It was taught that it is forbidden!

Answer (#1): It is forbidden [due to an Ohel] only if it spreads out a Tefach from his head.

Objection: Is it forbidden to spread a Talis over his head if it sticks out a Tefach?!

Version #1 (Rashi) Answer #2: Rather, it is permitted only if it is taut on his head. (A strap holds it in place. If not, it is forbidden lest it blow off and he will carry it.)

Version #2 (R. Chananel) Answer: A hat is taut. (it does not bend, so it looks like an Ohel). A Talis is not taut.

(Mishnah): If the lower hinge-pin [of a door [or window] of a Kli] came out, in the Mikdash one may return it [on Shabbos, for it is easy to return it], but not outside the Mikdash [lest he bang it in, and be liable for finishing a Kli];

If the upper hinge-pin came out, it is forbidden everywhere. (Rashi - even if the lower pin is intact, the door will fall off, so attaching the upper pin is building. This Tana holds that building applies to Kelim. Tosfos - he forbids lest one bang it back. This is a severe Shevus that is not permitted in the Mikdash.)

R. Yehudah says, [even] the upper pin [is permitted] in the Mikdash (building does not apply to Kelim), and [only] the lower pin [is permitted] outside the Mikdash.

(Gemara - Beraisa): In the Mikdash one may return the [lower] pin of a door of a coach, box or cabinet. Outside the Mikdash, [if it did not totally leave the hole in which it rotates] one may push it back;

The upper pin is forbidden everywhere. This (Tosfos; Rashi - the Isur to return a lower pin outside the Mikdash) is a decree lest one bang it back. If one did so, he is Chayav Chatas.

One may not return a pin of a door of a pit, [underground] cistern or of an extension of a building. If one did so, he is Chayav Chatas [for building onto something attached to the ground].

(Mishnah): In the Mikdash, one [a Kohen] may return a bandage [on Shabbos, i.e. if he removed it to do Avodah];

This is forbidden outside the Mikdash [lest he smear, which is a Melachah];

In any place one may not put on a bandage for the first time. (This is never needed for Avodah.)

(Gemara - Beraisa): If a bandage fell off a wound, we may return it on Shabbos;

R. Yehudah says, [if it fell we may not return it, but] if it slipped below, one may force it back up, and vice-versa;

One may partially pull back a bandage to clean [part of] the wound, then pull back the other part to clean [the rest of] the wound;

One may not clean the bandage, for this is smearing. If he smeared, he is Chayav Chatas.

(Rav Yehudah): The Halachah follows R. Yehudah.

(Rav Chisda): They only argue about when it fell onto a Kli. If it fell on the ground, all forbid returning it.

Mar bar Rav Ashi: I saw a bandage fall from my father onto a pillow, and he returned it on Shabbos.

Mar bar Rav Ashi: Rav Chisda taught that the argument is when it fell onto a Kli, and Rav Yehudah said that the Halachah follows R. Yehudah [who forbids]!

Rav Ashi: I disagree with him (Rav Chisda. I hold that they argue about when it fell on the ground, but if it fell on a Kli, all permit returning it.)

(Mishnah): [On Shabbos] one may tie a string [of a harp that broke] in the Mikdash, but not outside the Mikdash;

In any place one may not tie it for the first time.

(Gemara) Contradiction (Beraisa): If a string of a harp broke, one may not make a knot, but one may make a bow.

Resolution #1: Our Mishnah is R. Eliezer, and the Beraisa is Chachamim:

R. Eliezer holds that [if a Mitzvah overrides Shabbos, also its] Machshirim (necessary preparations) override Shabbos, so he permits to tie it;

Chachamim hold that Machshirim do not override Shabbos. They permit only to make a bow.

Objection: If the Mishnah is R. Eliezer, it should permit to tie a string for the first time!

Resolution #2: Our Mishnah is R. Yehudah [who says that making a bow is a Melachah], and the Beraisa is Chachamim.

Objection: According to which Tana [regarding Machshirim] does R. Yehudah hold?

If he holds like R. Eliezer, he should permit tying for the first time! (He cannot hold like Chachamim. They forbid Melachah for Machshirim!)