What is the meaning of "Sar Sav'am"?
Rashi: Their drinking became foreign from Me. Sar it is an expression of foreign, like "Surei ha'Gafen Nochriyah" (Yirmeyah 2:21). I.e. it veered from its place, and was reversed to another. Sav'am is drinking wine, which was with Zonos.
Radak: The Targum of "va'Yiv'ash" (Shemos 16:20) is v'Sari. They drink and get so intoxicated so much that Sav'am spoils in their mouths. Sav'am is wine, like "Sav'ach Mahul ba'Mayim" (Yeshayah 1:22).
Targum Yonasan: Their officers made a big feast from sin. Radak ? he explains "Sar" as if it is written with a Sin.
What is the meaning of "Hazne Hiznu"?
Radak: Most of their drinking wine and Shechar leads them to Zenus. So Yeshayah rebuked Efrayim for drinking much wine ? "Hoy Ateres Ge'us Shikorei Efrayim" (28:1), like it says there.
Malbim: Not only are they themselves Mezanah ? they entice others to Zenus and idolatry.
Why does it say "Ahavu Hevu Kalon"?
Rashi: They prepared disgrace for them. Hevu is an expression of preparation, like "Havah Neredah", "Havah Nivneh" (Bereishis 11:7, 4), "Havah Nischakemah Lo" (Shemos 1:10).
Radak: The officers love to say give ? give to us bribes, and we will remove the judgment from you. This is disgrace for them!
Radak citing Targum Yonasan: Their great ones love that you give foulness to them.
Malbim: They love and bring disgrace, i.e. lowly, disgraced matters. They disgrace one who clings to them.
Who are "Magineha"?
Rashi: Its officers and kings.
Radak: Its officers. They are like shields to the nation. The suffix Hei (feminine) refers to the Edah (congregation) of Efrayim.
Malbim: The officers of Efrayim and its Giborim who shielded Yehudah at that time that Yehudah was submissive and weak.
