The Mishnah taught - Pomegranates - when their pits become soft. R. Zeira citing R. Yasa said that it's when the flesh becomes squashed when it's held (and releases juices).

(R. Yuda ben Pazi citing R. Yehoshua ben Levi): When they reach a half ripened.

Question (R. Yona): What's his source for this? Perhaps he heard it from the Rabbanan who expound Agadata, as the pasuk states (Devarim 1:28), "Our brothers have broken our hearts (in two)''.

The Mishnah taught - Dates - when they swell up (like yeast). R. Chiya bar Vava said - when their groove (that appears early in their growth) is filled.

Question (R. Yona): What's the case? At that point, it is still unripe; if its pit has separated from its flesh, it's fully ripened...?

Answer (Rabbanan of Kisarin): If they would be detached and spread out and would be ready to eat, they are obligated.

The Mishnah taught - Peaches - when they form veins. R. Zeira cited from Isi - When they form red veins.

The Mishnah taught - Walnuts [and almonds] - when they separate from the outer shell. R. Yehuda said - Walnuts and almonds - when their skins have formed. They explained that their skin refers to the thin skin that's close to the actual nut.

The Chachamim agree to R. Yehuda that for Altzerin, Pistachio and Isterublin nuts, it is when their skins have formed.

Baraisa (R. Chinana bar Papa): For carobs, even though the Mishnah taught that their obligation of Ma'asros comes when they form black dots; but as for Sheviis and for establishing their year of Maaser, it's when they form a chain.

The Mishnah taught - the same applies to all black fruit. For example, myrtle berries and thorn-bush berries.

The Mishnah taught - 'Misheyankidu' - meaning when they form black spots.

The Mishnah taught - 'Perishin' - meaning Ispargalin (quinces); and why are they called 'Perishin'? As there is no other fruit of a tree that is exclusively eaten cooked ('Parish l'Kederah') rather than raw, other than this.

(The Mishnah taught - Pears, Krustumlin pears, quinces and crab apples - when they begin to grow bald) and the same applies to all white fruit. For example, Marpaya.

The Mishnah taught - 'Misheyakrichu' - R. Chinana bar Papa said when they begin to grow bald.

Baraisa (R. Shimon ben Yochai): (Since, as the Gemara will explain, when they begin to grow bald is not a clear sign, one should view them as obligated) when liquid comes out (when they are cut).

A case came before R. Chanina and he wished to rule like R. Chinana bar Pappa. He then retracted and said that balding is not a clear sign, since it might be because of worms rather than ripening.

The Mishnah taught that fenugreek is obligated when its seeds can be planted. A Baraisa taught that it must be able to be planted and grow. How should he check? R. Shmuel bar Nachman citing R. Yonasan said that he should take a handful and put it in a basin of water. If most of it sinks, it's obligated in Maaser; if not, it is exempt.

Objection (R. Yona): If so, whatever sank should be obligated and whatever did not should be exempt? Rather, it means that if most of a seed sinks, that seed is obligated.

(R. Yosi bei R. Bun): That's the way that the Mishnah must be learned.

(R. Zeira): The pasuk states (Devarim 14:22), "You shall tithe all of your seed crop'' - this refers to something that is sown and grows. This excludes seeds that are less than a third grown, since they cannot be sown and grow.

(R. Chinana citing Rebbi): Olives and grapes that didn't grow a third - their juices cannot cause foods to contract Tumah.

(R. Chiya citing R. Chanina): When are olives obligated in Ma'asros (i.e. that they have visibly grown a third)? When the first figs are ready for harvesting. And if there are no figs in that place, one can observe when the first Bnos Sheva figs are ready for harvesting. If there are none there, it's when the second harvest of the figs is done and they are put away to dry.

(R. Elazar bei R. Yosi citing R. Tanchum bar Chiya): When the first white Bnos Sheva figs are ready for harvesting.

(R. Yosi bei R. Bun): As long as it's the Bnos Sheva of that place.