(Mishnah): When are fruits of the tree obligated in Ma'asros? Figs (are obligated) when they begin to ripen. (The Gemara will explain this.) (And when is the beginning of the ripening of other produce?) Grapes and wild grapes - when the seeds become visible through the skin. Red berries and strawberries - when they turn red; and the same applies to all red fruit. Pomegranates - when their pits become soft. Dates - when they swell up (like yeast). Peaches - when they form veins. Walnuts [and almonds] - when they separate from the outer shell.

(R. Yehuda): Walnuts and almonds - when their skins have formed. Carobs - when they form black spots and the same applies to all black fruit (such as myrtle berries). Pears, Krustumlin pears, quinces and crab apples - when they begin to grow bald and the same applies to all white fruit. Fenugreek - when its seeds can be planted. Grains and olives - when they are a third grown.

(Gemara): The Mishnah taught 'Misheyavchilu' - meaning when it ripens.

(R. Chiya bar Vava): It means that it has ripened and grown, as the pasuk states (Zecharia 11:8), "and furthermore, they were too much ("Bachalah'') for Me''

(R. Abba bar Yaakov citing R. Yochanan): It means when their surface turns red.

Rebuttal: Does the surface of all figs turn red?

(R. Tanchum bar Merion citing R. Yochanan): He should pick one fig and leave it until it's edible. If it did so within 24 hours, it is a third grown (and obligated in Ma'asros); if not, it is exempt.

(The Mishnah taught): Grapes and wild grapes - when the seeds become visible through the skin.

(R. Zeira citing R. Yasa): This is when they are ripe enough to be called Be'ushin.

(R. Ayvu bar Nagri/ R. Tanchum bar Ilai citing R. Nachum bar Simai): Ripe enough means that the seeds become visible through the skin.

(R. Yochanan): (When I was young,) I was once sitting on the shoulders of my grandfather and I heard the voice of R. Shimon ben Elazar reciting this Baraisa - it's permitted to collect the seeds of a cucumber from the ground on Shabbos, but not the pits of a watermelon.

Question: What's the difference between cucumber seeds and watermelon pits?

Answer (R. Shimon bar Barsana): Cucumber seeds are for eating and watermelon pits are for planting and it appears as if he is preparing his ground for planting on Shabbos.

The Mishnah taught that all red fruits are obligated when they turn red.

Baraisa (Maisha): If a pomegranate had even one ripe seed, the entire fruit is considered ripe. If even one grape of a cluster is ripe, the entire cluster is considered ripe.

(R. Chanina): Not only is that pomegranate or that cluster considered ripe, but in fact, the entire vine or pomegranate tree is considered ripe.

They then said that that entire side of the vineyard or orchard is considered ripe.

(R. Yosi bei R. Bun): The entire vineyard or orchard is considered ripe.

Question: If the vineyard was small and he added vines until it was large or vice-versa; or if it was one and he made it two (by building a fence through the middle of a vineyard) or vice-versa; (in these cases, is the entire vineyard considered ripe)? (The Gemara leaves this question unanswered.)

(Shmuel): If a pumpkin was perforated when it was still attached (causing a concern that it was nibbled by a snake that put his venom into it), all of the pumpkins in that furrow are prohibited.

Question: Does the same apply to a perforated date?

Answer (R. Yosi): Yonasan ben Charsha of Ginosar asked this to Rabban Gamliel and the Chachamim in Yavneh - Moist dates that were still attached to the tree - if one was perforated, are we concerned that the rest were also perforated? They answered that the entire date palm is prohibited.

(R. Yosi): The case there is when all of the dates were perforated, as one could say that it's not the way of a snake to do this but rather, a swarm of birds came and nibbled all of them.

(R. Yona citing R. Shimon Chasida): Perforated moist dates are prohibited, but many are accustomed to eat them and they are not damaged from it.