1)

THE BEGINNING OF THE RIPENING (Yerushalmi Ma'asros Perek 1 Halachah 2 Daf 2b)

îùðä îàéîúé äôéøåú çééáéí áîòùøåú äúàéðéí îùéáçéìå. åäòðáéí åäáàåùï îùäáàéùå. äàåâ åäúåúéí îùéàãéîå åëì äàãåîéí îùéàãéîå. äøîåðéí îùéîñå. [ãó â òîåã á (òåæ åäãø)] äúîøéí îùéèéìå ùàåø. äôøñ÷é îùéèéìå âéãéí. åäàâåæéí [åäù÷ãéí] îùéòùå îâåøä.

(a)

(Mishnah): When are fruits of the tree obligated in Ma'asros? Figs (are obligated) when they begin to ripen. (The Gemara will explain this.) (And when is the beginning of the ripening of other produce?) Grapes and wild grapes - when the seeds become visible through the skin. Red berries and strawberries - when they turn red; and the same applies to all red fruit. Pomegranates - when their pits become soft. Dates - when they swell up (like yeast). Peaches - when they form veins. Walnuts [and almonds] - when they separate from the outer shell.

ø' éäåãä àåîø äàâåæéí åäù÷ãéí îùéòùå ÷ìéôä. äçøåáéí îùéð÷éãå åëì äùçåøéí îùéð÷éãå. åäàâæéí åä÷øåñèåîìéï åäôøéùéï åäçæøãéï îùé÷øéçå åëì äìáðéí îùé÷øéçå. äúìúï ëãé ùúöîç äúáåàä åäæéúéí îùéëðéñå ùìéù:

(b)

(R. Yehuda): Walnuts and almonds - when their skins have formed. Carobs - when they form black spots and the same applies to all black fruit (such as myrtle berries). Pears, Krustumlin pears, quinces and crab apples - when they begin to grow bald and the same applies to all white fruit. Fenugreek - when its seeds can be planted. Grains and olives - when they are a third grown.

âîøà îùéáçéìå áçéìå

(c)

(Gemara): The Mishnah taught 'Misheyavchilu' - meaning when it ripens.

øáé çééà áø ååà àîø çéúä ëîä ãúéîø (æëøéä éà) åâí ðôùí áçìä áé.

(d)

(R. Chiya bar Vava): It means that it has ripened and grown, as the pasuk states (Zecharia 11:8), "and furthermore, they were too much ("Bachalah'') for Me''

øáé àáà áø éò÷á áùí øáé éåçðï îùéàãéîå (ôðéäí)[ôéäí].

(e)

(R. Abba bar Yaakov citing R. Yochanan): It means when their surface turns red.

åëì äúàðéí (ôðéäí)[ôéäí] îàãéîåú

(f)

Rebuttal: Does the surface of all figs turn red?

øáé úðçåí áø îøéåï áùí øáé éåçðï ìå÷ç àçú åîðéç àí áùìä áúåê ëãé îòú ìòú çééáåú åàí ìàå ôèåøåú:

(g)

(R. Tanchum bar Merion citing R. Yochanan): He should pick one fig and leave it until it's edible. If it did so within 24 hours, it is a third grown (and obligated in Ma'asros); if not, it is exempt.

äòðáéí åäáàåùéï îùéáàéùå.

(h)

(The Mishnah taught): Grapes and wild grapes - when the seeds become visible through the skin.

øáé æòéøà áùí øáé éñà îùé÷øàå áàéùä.

(i)

(R. Zeira citing R. Yasa): This is when they are ripe enough to be called Be'ushin.

øáé àééáå áø ðâøé øáé úðçåí áø òéìàé áùí øáé ðçåí áø ñéîàé åäåà ùúäà çøöðä ùìäï ðøàéú îáçåõ.

(j)

(R. Ayvu bar Nagri/ R. Tanchum bar Ilai citing R. Nachum bar Simai): Ripe enough means that the seeds become visible through the skin.

àîø øáé éåçðï øëéá äåéðà òì ëúôé ãñáé åùîòéú ÷ìéä ãøáé ùîòåï áï àìòæø éúéá îúðé [ãó ã òîåã à (òåæ åäãø)] îëðéñéï áîòé îìôôåï åàéï îëðéñéï áîòé àáèéç.

(k)

(R. Yochanan): (When I was young,) I was once sitting on the shoulders of my grandfather and I heard the voice of R. Shimon ben Elazar reciting this Baraisa - it's permitted to collect the seeds of a cucumber from the ground on Shabbos, but not the pits of a watermelon.

îä áéï îòé îìôôåï ìîòé àáèéç.

(l)

Question: What's the difference between cucumber seeds and watermelon pits?

àîø øáé ùîòåï áø áøñðà îòé îìôôåï ìàëéìä îòé àáèéç ìæøéòä. àí àú àåîø ëï ðîöàú îëáã àú ä÷ø÷ò áùáú:

(m)

Answer (R. Shimon bar Barsana): Cucumber seeds are for eating and watermelon pits are for planting and it appears as if he is preparing his ground for planting on Shabbos.

ëì äàãåîéï îùéàãéîå.

(n)

The Mishnah taught that all red fruits are obligated when they turn red.

îééùà úðé øéîåï (ùðé÷øä)[ùðâîø] áå àôé' ôøéãä àçú ëåìä [ãó â òîåã à] çéáåø ìîòùø. àùëåì ùáéùì áå àôéìå âøâéø éçéãé ëåìå çéáåø ìîòùøåú.

(o)

Baraisa (Maisha): If a pomegranate had even one ripe seed, the entire fruit is considered ripe. If even one grape of a cluster is ripe, the entire cluster is considered ripe.

àîø øáé çðéðà ôùèå äåà ìï ëì àåúä äâôï ëì àåúå (äîéï)[äøéîåï].

(p)

(R. Chanina): Not only is that pomegranate or that cluster considered ripe, but in fact, the entire vine or pomegranate tree is considered ripe.

çæøå åôùèå ìå ëì àåúä äøåç.

(q)

They then said that that entire side of the vineyard or orchard is considered ripe.

øáé éåñé áé øáé áåï àåîø ëì àåúå äëøí.

(r)

(R. Yosi bei R. Bun): The entire vineyard or orchard is considered ripe.

äéä ëøí ÷èï åòùàå âãåì âãåì åòùàå ÷èï àçã åòùàå ùðéí ùðéí åòùàå àçã.

(s)

Question: If the vineyard was small and he added vines until it was large or vice-versa; or if it was one and he made it two (by building a fence through the middle of a vineyard) or vice-versa; (in these cases, is the entire vineyard considered ripe)? (The Gemara leaves this question unanswered.)

ùîåàì àîø ãìòú ùðé÷øä ááéú àáéä ëì àåúä äâåîà àñåøä.

(t)

(Shmuel): If a pumpkin was perforated when it was still attached (causing a concern that it was nibbled by a snake that put his venom into it), all of the pumpkins in that furrow are prohibited.

àó áîëáãåú úîøä ëï.

(u)

Question: Does the same apply to a perforated date?

àîø øáé éåñé ùàì éåðúï áï çøùà àéù âéðåñø àú øáï âîìéàì åçëîéí áéáðä ðé÷åøé øèá áàáéäï îä äï. àîøå ìå ëì àåúå äã÷ì àñåø.

(v)

Answer (R. Yosi): Yonasan ben Charsha of Ginosar asked this to Rabban Gamliel and the Chachamim in Yavneh - Moist dates that were still attached to the tree - if one was perforated, are we concerned that the rest were also perforated? They answered that the entire date palm is prohibited.

[ãó ã òîåã á (òåæ åäãø)] àîø øáé éåñé ìëï öøéëä áùðé÷øå ëåìï ùìà úàîø äåàéì åàéï ãøê äðçù ìòùåú ëï àðé àåîø òðï ùì öéôåøéí ùëï òìéäï åðé÷øå.

(w)

(R. Yosi): The case there is when all of the dates were perforated, as one could say that it's not the way of a snake to do this but rather, a swarm of birds came and nibbled all of them.

øáé éåðä áùí øáé ùîòåï çñéãà ðé÷åøé øèá áàáéäï àñåø åäøáéí ðäâå áäï äéúø åàéðï ðéæå÷éï:

(x)

(R. Yona citing R. Shimon Chasida): Perforated moist dates are prohibited, but many are accustomed to eat them and they are not damaged from it.