(Mishnah): If one blessed Borei Pri ha'Adamah on fruits of a tree, he was Yotzei;

If one blessed Borei Pri ha'Etz on fruits of the ground, he was not Yotzei.

On all [foods], if one said sheha'Kol, he was Yotzei.

(R. Chizkiyah citing R. Yakov bar Acha): [Our Mishnah says that if one blessed Borei Pri ha'Adamah on fruits of a tree, he was Yotzei. It] is like R. Yehudah, for R. Yehudah considers trees like straw (chaff with which the grain grows; he attributes the fruits to the ground - MAHARA FULDA).

(R. Yosi): [Our Mishnah] is like everyone. Fruits of a tree are included in fruits of the ground, but fruits of the ground are not included in fruits of a tree.

(Rav Huna): [If one blessed sheha'Kol on any food, he was Yotzei], except for wine and bread.

Support (Mishnah): [On fruits of a tree we say Borei Pri ha'Etz,] except for wine. On wine, we say Borei Pri ha'Gafen. [On things that grow from the ground we say Borei Pri ha'Adamah,] except for bread. On bread we say ha'Motzi Lechem Min ha'Aretz. (CHAREDIM - it could have said 'except for wine, on which we say...' It added 'on wine we say' to teach that even b'Di'eved, he is Yotzei only with Borei Peri ha'Gafen, and similarly regarding bread.)

(Beraisa - R. Yosi): Anyone who changes the text that Chachamim fixed, he was not Yotzei his obligation.

R. Yehudah says, anything that changed from its creation [and received a new Brachah, e.g. wine and bread], and he changed its Brachah, he was not Yotzei.

R. Meir says, even if he said 'blessed is He who created this matter. How beautiful it is!', he was Yotzei.

(R. Yakov bar Acha citing Shmuel): The Halachah follows R. Meir.

Inference: Rav's words say so;

A Persian came to Rav, and said 'I ate bread, but I did not know the Brachah, and I said 'blessed is He who created this bread', was I Yotzei my obligation? He said, yes.

(Rav Yehudah citing Aba bar bar Chanah): Bar Kapara and two Talmidim were guests by a Ba'al ha'Bayis in an inn in Birkesa. He brought in front of them partridges, Shelakos (cooked vegetables) and cabbage. (The partridges were dearest, the cabbage was second, and the Shelakos were least desired.)

They said, if we bless on the cabbage, this exempts the Shelakos (l'Chatchilah; both are Borei Peri ha'Adamah, and the cabbage is dearer), but not the partridges;

If we bless on the Shelakos, this does not exempt this or this (l'Chatchilah, for the cabbage is dearer, and it does not exempt the partridges even b'Di'eved. We explained this like RIDVAZ.)

One [Talmid] hastily blessed on the partridges sheha'Kol Nihyah bi'Dvaro; his colleague laughed at him.

Bar Kapara (to the latter Talmid): Not at this glutton [who could not wait for me to decide, am I angry,] rather, at you, who scoffed at him! He acted amidst gluttony. Why did you scoff at him?!

Bar Kapara (to the first Talmid): If no Chacham is here, is there no elder here?!" (You should have asked me.)

They said that [both Talmidim] did not live out the year before they died.

R. Yosi these two Talmidim left the world, and we do not learn anything from this [episode, i.e. on which one should bless]!

Question: What is the conclusion?

Answer: Presumably, he should bless on the cabbage, for sheha'Kol Nihyah bi'Dvaro is secondary to [its Brachah].

(Mishnah): On something that does not grow from the ground one blesses sheha'Kol;

On vinegar, Novlos (dates that fell before they ripened) and permitted locusts one blesses sheha'Kol Nihyah bi'Dvaro;

R. Yehudah says, we do not bless on anything that is a curse.

(Gemara): If one's wine soured, he says Baruch Dayan ha'Emes. If he comes to eat it (now it is vinegar), he blesses sheha'Kol Nihyah bi'Dvaro.

If one saw locusts [coming], he says Baruch Dayan ha'Emes. If he comes to eat them, he blesses sheha'Kol Nihyah bi'Dvaro.

If one saw Novlos fall, he says Baruch Dayan ha'Emes. If he comes to eat them, he blesses sheha'Kol Nihyah bi'Dvaro.