(Beraisa): A minor who can eat a k'Zayis of grain, we separate from his excrement and from his urine four Amos. If he cannot eat a k'Zayis of grain, we need not separate from his excrement or his urine four Amos.

Question (to R. Avahu): Why do we separate from his excrement and from his urine four Amos?

Answer (R. Avahu): It is because his thoughts are bad. (Due to this, his urine decays.)

Question: He is a baby! (He does not have evil thoughts!)

Answer (R. Avahu): Is it not written "Ki Yetzer Lev ha'Adam Ra mi'Ne'urav"?!

(R. Yudan): It is written mi'Ne'arav - [the Yetzer ha'Ra enters] from when he stirs and goes out [from the womb] to the world.

(R. Yosi bar Chanina): We distance from animal excrement four Amos.

Limitation (R. Shmuel bar Rav Yitzchak): This is only if it is [still] soft, and only of a donkey.

Limitation (R. Chiya bar Aba): This is only if it came from the road (due to the exertion, it smells worse).

(Levi): We distance from pig excrement four Amos.

Support (Beraisa): We distance from pig excrement four Amos, and from marten excrement four Amos, and from chicken excrement four Amos.

Limitation (R. Yosi bar Avun citing R. Chunah): This is only if [the chickens] are from Edom (CHAREDIM, citing AGUDAH).

(Beraisa): We distance from a bad smell four Amos.

(R. Ami): [We distance] from where the odor ends, four Amos.

Limitation: This is if it is in back of him, but if it is in front of him, it is as far as his eyes see it.

This is like R. Liya and his colleagues. They were sitting in front of an inn (there is excrement from donkeys that came from the road) at night. [His colleagues] said, may we say Divrei Torah?

(R. Liya): Since if it were day, we would see what is in front of us, even now it is forbidden.

(Beraisa): A Garaf (waste receptacle) - whether it is for excrement or urine, one must distance from it four Amos.

If it is in front of the bed (in a new Kli - MAHARA FULDA), if he put any amount of water in it, he may recite [Shma]. If not, he may not recite.

(R. Zakai): If he put a Revi'is of water in it, he may recite. If not, he may not recite.

Question: What is 'Revi'is' - [the Shi'ur] Revi'is (the volume of one and a half eggs), or he puts in a quarter [of the volume of urine]?

Answer: There is no difference between a small Kli and a big Kli (the Shi'ur of a Revi'is suffices. We explained this like SEFER NIR.)

R. Shimon ben Gamliel says, if it is in back of the back (the bed separates him from it), he may recite. If it is in front of the back, he may not recite.

R. Shimon ben Elazar says, even a hall 10 [Amos] by 10, he may not recite until he covers it, or until he puts it under the bed.

(R. Yakov bar Acha citing R. Chiya bar Va): R. Chaninah of Tartei ruled like R. Shimon ben Elazar.

(R. Binyamin bar Yefes, citing R. Yochanan): A small amount of excrement, one can nullify if through [thick] spit.

R. Ze'ira and R. Yakov bar Zavdi were sitting; they saw excrement. R. Yakov bar Zavdi rose and spat on it.

R. Ze'ira: [This helps only for a short time, like needed to go] from the sea to Tigna (a city near the sea).

A box full of Seforim - one may put it under the head of the bed [on which he sleeps], but not under the foot of the bed.

Limitation (R. Chunah): This is only if the bed is 10 Tefachim tall (it is a separate Reshus), and it is only if the ropes of the bed do not touch the box.

R. Yosa ruled in the area of R. Shmuel bar Rav Yitzchak like R. Chunah's teaching.

One may not have Bi'ah when there is a Sefer Torah with him in the house;

(R. Yirmeyah citing R. Avahu): If t was wrapped in a cloth, or it was in a window 10 Tefachim tall, it is permitted.

R. Yehoshua ben Levi makes a curtain for it [when it is in the window - MASA D'YERUSHALAYIM].

One may not sit on a bench that a Sefer Torah is on it.

A case occurred with R. Elazar, that he was sitting on a bench that a Sefer Torah was on it. He agitated from it like one agitated from a snake.

If [the Sefer Torah] was on something else, it is permitted.

Question: [What it rests on,] how [high must it be]?

Answer #1 (R. Aba citing R. Chunah): It is a Tefach.

Answer #2 (R. Aba citing R. Chunah): It is even any amount.

A sack full of Seforim, or there were bones of a Mes in it - one puts it in back of him [on the animal], and rides.

Tefilin - he hangs them from the head of the bed, but not from the foot of the bed.

(R. Shmuel citing R. Avahu citing R. Elazar citing R. Chanina): Rebbi would hang Tefilin from the head of the bed.

(R. Chizkiyah): This is only if he does not (hang them from their straps,) like one does with a basket (hang it from its handle). Rather, the Tefilin (boxes) are above, and the straps are below.