(Beraisa - R. Elazar ben R. Shimon): Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel agree that one may take from collected wood in a field, and from scattered wood in a Karpef.

They disagree over scattered wood in a field - Beis Shamai prohibit it and Beis Hillel permit it.

R. Noson: Beis Shamai agrees with Beis Hillel that one may take from collected wood in a field and from collected wood in a Karpef.

They disagree over scattered wood in a Karpef - Beis Shamai prohibit it and Beis Hillel permit it.

R. Yosa quoting Rav Yirmiyah/ R. Chanina quoting Rav: The Halachah follows the stringent opinion, in a case of scattered wood in a Karpef.

Question: The opinion of R. Yehudah has been switched - the Mishnah teaches (in Maseches Eiruvin) - R. Yehudah says, even if in the garden or Karpef, there is only a cistern, a pit or a cave, one may carry inside the entire garden/Karpef (even if it is distant from the town, since it was enclosed for residential purposes. However, here, R. Yehudah requires it to be close to the town)....?

Answer (R. Mana): R. Yehuda considered it like a place of residence (even if it is far from the town), but a person does not have his mind upon the wood that is inside it unless it is close to the town.

(Mishnah): One may not chop wood from beams nor from a beam that broke on Yom Tov.

One may not chop with an axe, with a saw or with a scythe, but one may chop with a cleaver.

If a house was full of fruit and was closed and was then breached, he may take from under the area that was breached.

R. Meir: One may continue to breach and take the fruit.

(Gemara - the Mishnah taught): One may not chop wood from the beams nor from a broken beam.

The Mishnah is referring to when the beam broke on Yom Tov, but if the beam broke before Yom Tov, it is permitted.

However, if it is still looks like a vessel (meaning that it is still usable for construction), even if it broke before Yom Tov, it is prohibited.

Beraisa: Branches of figs that have figs attached and branches of dates that have dates attached - if he brought them in as food, he may eat from them on Yom Tov; if he brought them in as firewood, he may not eat from them on Yom Tov.

Rav: One may fuel an oven with vessels but not with broken vessels.

This applies to vessels that broke on Yom Tov, but if they broke before Yom Tov, it is permitted.

It also applies when it no longer looks like a vessel, but if it does, even if it broke on Yom Tov, it is permitted.

Beraisa - R. Chiya: One may fuel an oven with food but not with its shells, nor with its pits.

Rav was standing in front of R. Chiya Rabbah and he was eating. R. Chiya saw Rav throw shells/pits into and around the stove.

R. Chiya Rabbah: Throw it elsewhere (not in front of the stove)!

Rav: What is the difference between there and here?

R. Chiya: You son of great people! You must throw the shells away from people (and you may certainly not throw them in front of your teacher).

Explaining Rav's behavior (R. Chaninah): He threw the shells/pits with some of the food still attached to them (so it was not repulsive to people).

Explanation #2 (R. Imi): Rav was a sick Babylonian (and he was not able to suck all of the fruits).

The Mishnah had taught: One may not [chop a beam] with an axe.

Sages of the House of R. Yanai: One may chop with an axe. (They disagree with the Mishnah.)

Beraisa - R. Hoshiya: One may chop with an axe.

Shmuel: The Halachah follows those that permit chopping with an axe.

Beraisa - R. Yosi ben Kipar quoting R. Elazar ben Shamua: Beis Shamai prohibit it and Beis Hillel permit it.

The Mishnah had taught: One may not [chop beams] with a saw

One Beraisa teaches that one may chop; another Beraisa teaches that one may not chop.

Rav Chisda: The first Beraisa refers to chopping with a hand-saw; the second Beraisa refers to a sickle (as it appears that he is taking it to use for reaping).

Beraisa #1: It is permitted to scatter turnips for animal food;

Beraisa #2: It is prohibited. (Note: According to the Pnei Moshe, the Beraisos are referring to a Nazir using a goats-hair garment to run through his hair - Beraisa #1 permits it since even if the Nazir's hair falls out as a result, it was not his intention.)

Rav Chisda: Beraisa #1 refers to a healthy animal; Beraisa #2 refers to a weak animal.

Beraisa #1: One may rub spice twigs between one's fingers;

Beraisa #2: One may not rub.

Beraisa #1 refers to rubbing moist twigs; Beraisa #2 refers to rubbing dry twigs.

Beraisa #1: One may sweeten mustard (by extinuguishing) a coal.

Beraisa #2: One may not sweeten mustard.

Beraisa #1 refers to putting the mustard on top of the coals; Beraisa #2 refers to putting the coals on the mustard.

Beraisa #1: One may rub (to polish) silver with 'Gartikin' dirt.

Beraisa #2: One may not rub.

Beraisa #1 refers to when he put the dirt in water before Yom Tov (so it does not smooth the surface of the silver). Beraisa #2 refers to when he did not so.

The end of the Mishnah taught: (A house full of fruit that was closed and was then breached - he may take from under the area that was breached). R. Meir says that one may continue to breach and take the fruit.

R. Ba/ Rav Yehuda quoting Shmuel: As long as he breaches the wall around the entrance. (Rav Chaim Kanievski explains that the bricks around the entrance are not cemented in place like the other bricks).

Support (Beraisa): The Chachamim agree with R. Meir about pit covers (that are tied down with ropes) that one may shake them, unravel them, untie them or cut them. On Shabbos, one may shake them but not unravel, untie or cut them. However, for utensils (such as boxes tied down with ropes), it is permitted to open them in this way on Shabbos and certainly on Yom Tov.