Question: Who prohibited their oil? (See above daf 35-3(a)1.)

Answer (Rav Yehuda): Daniel prohibited it, as the pasuk states (Daniel 1:8), "Daniel resolved (not to be defiled by the king's food or by his drinking-wine). (The word 'Shetav' - 'his drinking-wine' is written in the plural, indicating two types of liquids - wine and oil.)

(R. Acha/ R. Tanchum bar Chiya citing R. Chaninah or some say he cited R. Yehoshua ben Levi): It was not prohibited by Daniel, but rather, it was decreed at a later time because people would go to Har HaMelech to buy it and would be attacked by the enemies there. They therefore prohibited Jews from consuming it in order to prevent this danger from arising. (Note: This entry and the next are repositioned by Tosefos (Avodah Zarah 36b) from later in this sugya, see below.)

It was permitted by R. Yehuda the Nasi (grandson of Rebbi) and his Beis Din.

In three places, R. Yehuda HaNasi is called 'Rabbosainu' (our Rabbis) - in Gitin, oil and sandal, and they called him, "The Beis Din that permits oil". (The case of Gitin is a Mishnah that teaches that if a man gave a Get (divorce document) to his wife and said, "This is your Get if I do not come back within 12 months" and he died within that time, it is not a valid Get. There is a Beraisa that states that Rabbosainu permitted her to remarry with such a Get.)

Question: Why were they not referred to as "a permissive Beis Din" since any Beis Din that permits three things is called, "A permissive Beis Din"?!

Answer (R. Yudan): In the case of Gitin, his Beis Din disagreed with his leniency (thereby preventing them from being referred to as "a permissive Beis Din").

Question: According to Rabbosainu (if her husband died), may she remarry immediately (within the 12 months of the original stipulation)?

Answer: R. Chagai permits it and R. Yosi prohibits it.

Yitzchak bar Shmuel bar Marsa went (from Eretz Yisrael) to Netzivin. He found that R. Simlai from the South was teaching that Rebbi and his Beis Din permitted their oil.

Shmuel accepted this ruling and would consume it, but Rav did not accept it and did not consume their oil.

(Shmuel to Rav): Eat it, or I will write about you that you are a Rebellious Elder (Zaken Mamre), as you disagree with the majority opinion.

(Rav to Shmuel): When I was still in Eretz Yisrael, I knew that it was R. Simlai of the South who questioned the prohibition of their oil (so I do not wish to rely on his words to annul the prohibition).

(Shmuel to Rav): Did R. Simlai say it in his own name? He said it in the name of R. Yehuda HaNasi and his Beis Din. Shmuel thereby convinced Rav to consume their oil.

Question (R. Yonasan): Does the Mishnah (in Maseches Eduyos) teach that a Beis Din cannot cancel the ruling of another Beis Din unless they are greater in wisdom and number? So how could R. Yehuda HaNasi's Beis Din permit that which Daniel and his colleagues prohibited?

Answer: R. Yochanan follows his reasoning, as he said that he received as a tradition from R. Elazar bei R. Tzadok that any decree that a Beis Din makes that is not accepted by most of the people is not a decree.

They investigated the matter and discovered that the prohibition of their oil was not accepted by most of the people.