(Mishnah): Pigul does not apply to the following (in most cases, because they do not have Matirim):

The Kometz, Ketores, frankincense, a (voluntary) Minchah of a Kohen, Minchas Chavitin (the daily Minchah of a Kohen Gadol), blood;

R. Meir adds Nesachim brought without a Korban;

Chachamim add all Nesachim, even if brought with a Korban.

R. Shimon says, Pigul does not apply to the Log of oil that a Metzora brings;

R. Meir says, it does apply, because the blood of the Asham permits it.

Pigul applies to anything that has Matirim that permit it to people or to (be offered on) the Mizbe'ach:

It applies to an Olah, for the blood permits the limbs to the Mizbe'ach and the skin to Kohanim;

The blood of Olas ha'Of permits the meat to the Mizbe'ach;

The blood of Chatas ha'Of permits the meat to Kohanim;

The blood of Parim or Se'irim ha'Nisrafim permits the Eimurim to the Mizbe'ach;

R. Shimon says, Pigul applies only to things offered on the outer Mizbe'ach like Shelamim (the source from which we learn Pigul).

(Gemara - Ula): If a Pigul Kometz was thrown on the Mizbe'ach, it loses the status of Pigul;

If it causes something else (the rest of the Minchah) to become Pigul, all the more so it itself! (This will be explained.)

Question: What does Ula mean?

Answer: If the Kometz itself was not acceptable, it could not cause the rest of the Minchah to become Pigul. (Pigul does not apply unless all the Matirim were offered properly, aside from intent Chutz li'Zmano.)

Question: What is his Chidush?

Suggestion: One (who eats it) is not liable for Pigul.

Rejection: Our Mishnah explicitly teaches that Pigul does not apply to a Kometz!

Suggestion: If it was brought up the ramp, we do not bring it down.

Rejection: A Mishnah explicitly teaches this!

(Mishnah): If any of the following was brought up the ramp, we do not bring it down - something (e.g. blood or Eimurim) that was Lan (was left overnight), Yotzei (left the Mikdash), Tamei, something slaughtered with intent Chutz li'Zmano or Chutz li'Mkomo, or was not offered the day the animal was slaughtered).

Version #1 (our text) Answer: If it was taken down (from the Mizbe'ach), we bring it up again.

Objection: A Mishnah teaches otherwise!

(Mishnah): Just like if it was brought up, we do not bring it down, if it was taken down, we do not bring it up.

Answer: The case is, it caught fire on the Mizbe'ach (before it fell off).

Version #2 (Shitah Mekubetzes) Answer #1: If it was taken down, we do not bring it up.

Objection: A Mishnah explicitly teaches this!

(Mishnah): Just like if it was brought up, we do not bring it down, if it was taken down, we do not bring it up.

Answer #2: Ula teaches that if it caught fire on the Mizbe'ach, we bring it up again. (end of Version #2)

Question: Ula already taught this!

(Ula): The Mishnah (that teaches that we do not bring it up again) applies when it had not caught fire. If it caught fire, we bring it up again.

Answer: One might have thought that that applies only to a limb (i.e. of an Olah), for it is all one entity, and it is as if all of it caught fire, but a Kometz is not all one entity, so the part that did not catch fire is not brought up again;

Therefore, Ula needed to teach also about a Kometz.

(Rav Achai): We learn from Ula that if half of a Pigul Kometz was put on the Mizbe'ach and caught fire, even the half on the ground ceases to be Pigul, and we bring it up.

(R. Yitzchak): If Pigul, Nosar or Tamei was brought up on the Mizbe'ach, the Isur goes away.

Question (Rav Chisda): Does the Mizbe'ach permit Isurim?!

Answer (R. Zeira): The case is, it caught fire.

Question (R. Yitzchak bar Bisna - Beraisa - Acherim): (Eating Kodshim b'Tum'ah is punishable by Kares. The Torah does not say explicitly if this is for Tum'as ha'Guf (the person is Tamei) or for Tum'as Basar.) "V'Tum'aso (his or its Tum'ah) Alav" refers to one (i.e. a person) whose Tum'ah can cease (through immersion). It does not refer to Tamei meat, for its Tum'ah never goes away.

According to R. Yitzchak, meat can become Tahor!

Answer #1 (Rava): The Tana means that Tum'as Basar never goes away through immersion.

Objection: The verse does not mention immersion. The Tana says that the Tum'ah cannot cease through any means!

Answer #2 (Rav Papa): The verse discusses meat of Shelamim, which is not offered on the Mizbe'ach. (It can never become Tahor.)

Answer #3 (Ravina): "V'Tum'aso Alav" refers to one (i.e. a person) whose Tum'ah can cease while he is intact. It does not refer to meat, for its Tum'ah does not cease until some of it is missing (burned).

(Beraisa): "V'Tum'aso Alav" refers to a Tum'as ha'Guf;

Question: Perhaps it refers to Tamei meat!

Answer #1: It says here "Tum'aso", like it says ("Od Tum'aso Bo") regarding Tum'as Mes;

Just like there it refers to Tum'as ha'Guf, also here.

Answer #2 (R. Yosi): Here (regarding eating Kodshim b'Tum'ah) it refers to Kodshim in the plural (Shelamim). Since "Tum'aso" is singular, it refers to Tum'as ha'Guf.

Answer #3 (Rebbi): "V'Achal" refers to Tum'as ha'Guf (this will be explained).

Answer #4 (R. Meir): "V'Tum'aso Alav" refers to one whose Tum'ah can cease, but not to meat, for its Tum'ah never goes away.

Question: How does Rebbi learn from "v'Achal" that it refers to Tum'as ha'Guf?

Rava: No one can explain verses as R. Yitzchak bar Avodimi does, and no one can explain Beraisos as Ze'iri does!

Answer (R. Yitzchak bar Avodimi): (Just before "v'Tum'aso Alav" (Vayikra 7:20), the Torah permitted a Tahor to eat Kodshim. The only reason to think that "v'Tum'aso Alav" refers to Tum'as Basar is the gender. Tum'aso is masculine, and the verse discusses a Nefesh (feminine) who eats. Therefore,) the next verse ("V'Nefesh...", which also discusses eating Kodshim b'Tum'ah) begins and ends in the feminine, and uses the masculine ("v'Achal") in the middle, to teach that the Torah is not particular about the gender.

(Beraisa) Question: Why must the Torah teach about lenient and severe (transgressions)? (Ze'iri will explain everything later.)

Answer: Had it taught only lenient ones, one might have thought that one transgresses a Lav for lenient ones and is Chayav Misah (bi'Dei Shamayim) for severe ones;

Had it taught only severe ones, one might have thought that one is liable for severe ones and is exempt for lenient ones;

Question: What do lenient and severe ones refer to?

Answer #1: Lenient refers to eating Ma'aser (b'Tum'as ha'Guf). Severe ones refers to eating Terumah (b'Tum'as ha'Guf).

Rejection #1: The Beraisa says, 'one might have thought that... one is Chayav Misah for severe ones.' This is true regarding Terumah!

Rejection #2: It says, 'One might have thought that lenient ones are Chayavei Lavin, and severe ones are Chayavei Misah';

One could not learn Chiyuv Misah from (a Kal va'Chomer from lenient ones, which are) Chayavei Lavin due to Dayo (a Kal va'Chomer can teach that the same law applies elsewhere, but it cannot teach more than the law of the source! Indeed, this refutes the simple understanding of the Beraisa itself, no matter which transgressions it refers to!)

Answer #2: Lenient refers to a (person who became) Tamei (by touching a) Sheretz who eats (something, to be explained), severe refers to a Tamei Mes who eats.

Objection: No matter what they eat, it does not fit the Beraisa!

If they ate Terumah, both are Chayav Misah. The Beraisa implies that even the severe one is not Chayav Misah!

If they ate Ma'aser, why would one think (to learn from lenient ones) that severe ones are Chayavei Misah? Due to Dayo, we cannot learn more than the law of lenient ones, i.e. a Lav!