Explanation: We ask "what is the difference between Korban Musaf and Korban Etzim? Korban Musaf overrides Minchah, but Korban Etzim does not. (What is the reason?)

Explanation: Musaf (is mid'Oraisa). Therefore it overrides Minchah, which is mid'Oraisa.

Korban Etzim is mid'Rabanan. Therefore it overrides only Ne'ilah, which is mid'Rabanan, but not Minchah, which is mid'Oraisa.

Explanation: They are called Bnei Pachas, because they descended from Rus, the Mo'abite.

Note: "Pachas" is a governor (Malachi 1:8, Esther 3:12). Rus descended from Eglon Melech Mo'av.)

Explanation: Tzeruyah was David's sister, like it says "v'Achiyoseihem Tzeruyah";

[Also] they descended from Rus, the Mo'abite.

Explanation: He says that Bnei Pachas Mo'av Ben Yehudah are Bnei David ben Yehudah;

[If so,] when the Mishnah says "on the 20th... Bnei Pachas Mo'av ben Yehudah", it should have said "Bnei David ben Yehudah a second time", just like it says "on it, Bnei Pir'osh a second time."

If the Mishnah is R. Yehudah, who says that Bnei Adin ben Yehudah are Bnei David ben Yehudah, it should have said "Bnei David ben Yehudah a second time";

If the Mishnah is R. Yosi, it should have said "Bnei Yo'av a second time"!

Conclusion: The Gemara answered that Tana'im argue about the opinion of R. Yosi. (Really, he holds that Bnei Pachas Mo'av or Bnei Adin Ben Yehudah are Bnei Yo'av, but not both of them.)

Question: Why don't we establish the Mishnah like R. Meir, and say that Tana'im argue about R. Meir's opinion? It is better to establish the Mishnah like R. Meir, for a Stam Mishnah is [assumed to be] R. Meir!

Answer: We establish it like R. Yosi, because Nimuko Imo (he had great reasons for his teachings). Everywhere, presumably the Halachah follows him, even against his colleagues.

Explanation: He finishes Hallel [on the first Yom Tov of Pesach], but not on [the rest of] the eight days of Pesach;

This is because it is unlike Chanukah and Sukos. On Chanukah it is proper to finish Hallel, for all eight days the miracle increased. Every day was a Yom Tov;

Similarly, every day of Sukos is a Yom Tov by itself, because the bulls [of Korban Musaf] diminish. (I.e. every day is a different Korban.)

Distinction: However, there is no change in [the days of] Pesach, not in the Korbanos and not in Yom Tov. Therefore we finish Hallel only on the first day.

The Halachah nowadays: Nowadays, we finish [Hallel on the first] two days, for we make [two days of Yom Tov] due to Safek. It is one day regarding Hallel.

The same applies to the second day of Shavu'os and Simchas Torah. Therefore, we have 21 days on which we finish Hallel.

Opinion #1: Some learn from here that we do not bless on a custom.

Support - Citation (Sukah 44b) Abaye: I was standing in front of R. Yitzchak. They brought a willow branch in front of him. He took it, banged it, and did not bless. He holds that it is a custom from Nevi'im.

Inference: We do not bless on a custom.

Opinion #2 (R. Tam): We bless [on a custom].

Proof - Rhetorical question: If it were true that we do not bless, how do we understand what [Rav] said in our Gemara "since I heard them skip, this shows that it is their ancestors' custom"?

He would have known [without this]! If they read [merely] due to custom, they do not bless, if it is true that we do not bless on a custom. If they bless, it is not a custom!

Suggestion: Perhaps he was not there when they began to read Hallel. (He did not know whether or not they blessed.)

Rejection: The Gemara says "Rav came to Bavel." If he came in the middle of Tefilah, it should have said "Rav came to a Beis ha'Keneses"!

Conclusion: Since he did not say "since they do not bless, it is [only] a custom", this shows that we bless even on a custom.

Question: The Gemara in Sukah connotes that we do not bless on a custom!

Answer: That is only regarding the custom of Aravah, which is mere Tiltul (movement). We do not bless on a custom of mere Tiltul;

On other customs, such as Kri'as Hallel [on Rosh Chodesh] and others like that custom, surely we bless.

Pesak: We rule like this in practice. Based on this, one must be careful not to talk in the middle of Hallel. Since he blessed, if he talks, it is a Hefsek.

Assertion: An individual is not obligated to read Hallel [on Rosh Chodesh], but if he wants to obligate himself, he may.

Opinion #1: It was written on the hand, i.e. on the hand cut from the idol it said "you wanted to destroy His house", i.e. Hash-m's house;

You paid your hand to him, i.e. you gave your power to him.

Opinion #2: Some explain that the writing was on the whole idol. The Gemara means that it was found on the whole idol "you wanted to destroy His house", i.e. you wanted to destroy Hash-m's house.

You paid your hand to him, therefore I paid your hand to Hash-m, i.e. I cut it.