[One of the decrees was] their daughters.

Question (R. Lazar): In seven places it is written "Lo Sischaten Bam'' (i.e. Isurim to marry Nochrim. The Torah forbids them!)

Answer (R. Avin): [The verses] forbid the seven [Kena'ani] nations. (Chachamim decreed about all other nations.)

(Beraisa - R. Yehoshua): The Tamei birds are written twice (in Parshas Shemini and in Re'eh) to forbid their eggs. (CHOMAS YERUSHALAYIM - this is brought here for it is like the previous Drashah, which expounds repetition.)

(Beraisa - R. Yishmael): "V'Es Bas ha'Ya'anah'' is an ostrich egg. (This is his source to forbid eggs of Tamei birds, unlike R. Yehoshua.)

Their semen [is Tamei].

Question: Didn't R. Acha say in the name of R. Chinena citing R. Yochanan that semen of Nochrim is Tahor?

Answer: [They decreed about their semen,] for it is impossible for semen to leave without drops of urine [and they decreed that their urine is Tamei].

[They decreed] laws of a Ba'al Keri.

(R. Ba bar Acha citing Rebbi): He may learn Halachos, but he may not learn Agados.

(Beraisa - in the name of R. Yosi): He may learn Halachos fluent in his mouth (he need not elaborate), as long as he does not explain their reasons.

Some say, [it is permitted] only if he does not mention names of Hash-m [in verses expounded].

[They decreed] laws of Chutz la'Aretz.

Question: Didn't R. Ze'ira bar Avuna say in the name of R. Yirmeyah that Yosef ben Yo'ezer Ish Tzereida and Yosi ben Yochanan Ish Yerushalayim decreed Tum'ah on Chutz la'Aretz and glass Kelim? [They were before Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel!]

R. Yonah said that R. Yehudah ben Tabai [alone], and R. Yosi said that R. Yehudah ben Tabai and Shimon ben Shetach, decreed Tum'ah on metal Kelim, and Hillel and Shamai decreed about Taharas Yadayim.

Answer (R. Yosi bei R. Bun citing R. Levi): We knew this Halachah (it was decreed earlier), and forgot it. The second (latter Chachamim) concurred with the earlier [Chachamim, i.e. also they decreed Tum'ah on Chutz la'Aretz].

This teaches you that anything that Beis Din puts their souls (all their efforts), ultimately it will be established for them like it was said to Moshe on Sinai.

This is like R. Mana said "Ki Lo Davar Rek Hu Mikem'' - if [Torah] is empty, it is from (due to) you, that you do not exert in it.

"Ki Hi Chayeichem'' - when is it your life? It is when you exert in it.

Version #1 (Shmuel): We learned [that Beis Din cannot be Mevatel the words of another Beis Din, unless it is greater in Chachmah and number] only regarding the 18 matters. Outside of the 18 matters, even a smaller Beis Din may annul.

Question: Shevi'is was outside of the 18 matters, and R. Yonason questioned [the Heter for] it!

(R. Krispada citing R. Yochanan): R. Gamliel and his Beis Din permitted the Isur of [plowing] in two earlier periods (in Erev Shemitah - from Pesach for a grain field, and from Shavu'os for a tree field).

Question (R. Yonason): Did we not learn that Beis Din cannot be Mevatel the words of another Beis Din, unless it is greater in Chachmah and number?!

Version #2 (R. Avun citing Rav Yehudah citing Shmuel): We learned [that Beis Din can be Mevatel the words of another Beis Din if it is greater in Chachmah and number] only outside the 18 matters. Within of the 18 matters, even a greater Beis Din cannot annul, for they gave their souls [for those decrees].

Objection (R. Mana): It is not reasonable to say no (rather, like the first version of Shmuel?! Since there was coercion [for the 18 matters, even a smaller Beis Din can make it] Batel!

Question (against R. Mana): Oil was amidst the 18, and R. Yonason challenged [how Rebbi could permit it]!

Answer #2 (to R. Yonason's question above (10b) - Rav Kahana citing R. Chiya bar Aba, and R. Acha citing R. Yochanan): The decree about oil [was made on condition that if a later Beis Din wants to] annul it, it is annulled.

(Nachman brei d'R. Shmuel bar Nachmeni citing R. Shmuel bar Nachmeni): The five Chata'os ha'Mesos (they cannot be offered, so they must die) - if a Beis Din wants to] annul it, it is annulled.

Limitation (R. Chiya bar Ada): This means that they will not die, rather, [they graze until they get a Mum, and the redemption money] goes for [Olos] Nedavah [of the Tzibur, i.e. Kitz ha'Mizbe'ach], but not to offer [the initial] animals, for a Chatas ha'Mesah may not be offered. (This is a tradition from Sinai. Chachamim enacted that they die without redemption.)

(Mishnah - Beis Shamai): On Erev Shabbos, one may not soak dye, ingredients [for dye] or vetch (horsebean, for animals to eat) unless it will get soaked before Shabbos;

Beis Hillel permit [in any case].

(Gemara) Question: What is Beis Shamai's reason?

Answer: "Sheshes Yamim Ta'avod v'Asisa Kol Melachtecha'' - you must finish all your work during the day (before Shabbos).

Question: What is Beis Hillel's reason?

Answer: "Sheshes Yamim Ta'aseh Ma'asecha uv'Yom [ha'Shevi'i'', i.e. your work may finish by itself on Shabbos - PNEI MOSHE].

Question: How do Beis Hillel expound Beis Shamai's verse "Sheshes Yamim Ta'avod v'Asisa Kol Melachtecha''?

Answer: It refers to what we must do (but not what finishes by itself).

Question: How do Beis Shamai expound Beis Hillel's verse "Sheshes Yamim Ta'aseh Ma'asecha uv'Yom''?

Answer: It is like it was taught "one may open an irrigation channel to a garden on Erev Shabbos, and it is watered during Shabbos. One may put a potion on the eye on Erev Shabbos, and it heals during Shabbos. One may put a bandage on a wound on Erev Shabbos, and it heals during Shabbos;

One may put incense [over a fire and] under garments, and they receive [a nice scent] from the smoke during Shabbos. One may put sulfur [over a fire and] under garments on Erev Shabbos, and it blackens [the crevices] during Shabbos.

One may put wheat in a water mill [on Erev Shabbos] only if it will be ground as much as needed during the day.

Explanation #1: (R. Chagai): This is because [the mill] makes noise.

Explanation #2 (R. Yosi): Rebbi (i.e. you) say properly according to R. Yehudah [who permits leaving on Erev Shabbos a punctured eggshell with oil, and on Shabbos the oil drips into a burning lamp];

However, according to Rabanan, who [forbid] there, because each drop (in the eggshell did not yet start [to burn] - so they would say here [it is forbidden even without the noise,] for each kernel of wheat did not yet start [to be ground]!

Explanation #3 (R. Yosi bei R. Bun): [It is forbidden] lest he forget, and forcefully insert a peg (to fix or stop operation of the mill).

Beis Shamai said one matter to Beis Hillel, and they could not answer them. Beis Hillel said one matter to Beis Shamai, and they could not answer them.

Beis Hillel said to Beis Shamai, "don't you admit to us that one may place the beam in the olivepress or winepress [to press on the olives or grapes] just before dark?'' They could not answer them.

(R. Ze'ira): If not that I fear to enter my head among lions, I would give a reason [for Beis Shamai]. There, every drop [of oil or grape juice that will come out on Shabbos, it was already uprooted from its place [in the olive or grape before Shabbos]. Here (dye, ingredients or vetch), what [reason] can you say (to permit)?

Beis Shamai said one matter to Beis Hillel, and they could not answer them. Beis Shamai said to Beis Hillel, "don't you admit to us that [on Erev Shabbos] one may not [put to] roast meat, onions or an egg, unless there is time for them to roast fully before Shabbos?'' They could not answer them.

(R. Ze'ira): If not that I fear to enter my head among lions, I would give a reason [for Beis Hillel]. There, meat, onions and an egg, it is normal to flip them over (perhaps he will forget and do like he normally does - PNEI MOSHE). Here, what can you say? (It is not normal to engage with the dye, ingredients or vetch. There is no reason to forbid!)

(R. Yudan): If [food] was roasted k'Ma'achal Ben Drusai (like a certain thief used to eat, a third or half cooked, Chachamim) forbade something that it is normal to flip them over, unless there is time to roast fully during the day.

Rebuttal (R. Mana): This is unreasonable. If it were not permitted, [Beis Hillel] could answer [Beis Shamai] "how do you challenge us from something (e.g. meat) that is normally fully roasted during the day, to something (e.g. dye) that is not normally fully soaked during the day?'' (Beis Hillel permit other matters that began during the day. If they forbid meat, surely this shows that it is different, for it is normal to flip it over! This is based on HA'GAON RAV C. KANIEVSKY, SHLITA.)