1)

(a)The Mishnah gives the Shi'ur for carrying out wine as 'K'dei Mezigas ha'Kos'. The Shi'ur of ...

1. ... a Kos is - a Revi'is (a quarter of a Lug [a Log equals one and a half egg-volumes]).

2. ... Mezigas ha'Kos - is a quarter of a Revi'is of undiluted wine (in order to add three parts water to the one part wine).

(b)The Tana now discusses the Shi'ur of the four commodities milk, (liquid) honey, oil and water. The Shi'ur for the milk of a Kasher animal is 'K'dei Gemi'ah. The Shi'ur ...

1. ... 'K'dei Gemi'ah' - is the amount that a average-size person drinks in one gulp (see Tif'eres Yisrael).

2. ... for carrying out the milk of a non-Kasher animal is - enough to paint one eye (as a cure).

(c)The Shi'ur for carrying out ...

1. ... honey is - enough to rub on the sore of a horse or a donkey ('Katis' [that is caused by the pack that it carries]).

2. ... oil is - to anoint a small limb (i.e. the little finger) of a new-born baby.

(d)The alternative explanation that the Bartenura discovred to define 'Katis' is - the tip of a boil that one has deliberately burst to remove the pus.

(e)In spite of the fact that honey's main function is as a food - the Tana gives the Shi'ur of a cure (le'Chumra) - since it is commonly used for that purpose.

2)

(a)The Shi'ur for carrying out water is K'dei 'Lashuf bahem es ha'Kilur' - (water that one adds to a balm to rub in the eyes [see Tos. Yom-Tov and Tif'eres Yisrael).

(b)The Shi'ur of ...

1. ... all other beverages (that are not fit to be used as cures) is - a Revi'is, as is that of ...

2. ... dirty water (that is unfit to drink) ...

(c)... which is used - to mix cement.

3)

(a)Rebbi Shimon gives the Shi'ur of all the liquids mentioned by the Tana Kama as - a Revi'is.

(b)And he confines all the Shi'urim mentioned by the Tana Kama (which presumably, are Halachah le'Moshe mi'Sinai) - to those who actually put them away ...

(c)... a Chumra.

(d)This is a leniency on his part - as those who do not put the respective commodities away now requires a larger Shi'ur in order to be Chayav.

(e)He disagrees with the principles mentioned in the previous Perek - that says that a person who puts away something that is fit to be used is Chayav for carrying a Kolshehu.

(f)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

4)

(a)The Shi'ur the Mishnah gives for carrying out a piece of rope is enough to make a handle for a box.

(b)The Tana Kama gives the Shi'ur for carrying out a reed-grass - as a handle to suspend a sieve ...

(c)... which is smaller than the Shi'ur of a rope.

(d)Rebbi Yehudah is more stringent than the Tana Kama. He gives the Shi'ur for the latter as - the size that one uses to show a salesman the measurement of shoe-lace that one wants to purchase for his small son's shoe.

5)

(a)The Shi'ur for carrying out a piece of paper is to write on it 'Kesher Muchsin' - a disc that one receives from the officer who collects the river-tax to prove that he has paid.

(b)In practical terms this means - large enough to write on it two large-size letters (as was customary).

(c)The Tana adds that someone who carries out a Kesher Muchsin (see Tos. Yom-Tov) - is Chayav.

(d)The Mishnah gives the Shi'ur for carrying out a used piece of paper is - one that is sufficiently large to wrap round the opening of a small bottle of balsam (in the form of a bottle-stopper).

6)

(a)Shi'ur does the Mishnah give or carrying out ...

1. ... an animal skin is - one that is large enough to make a Kame'a.

2. K'laf (parchment [see Tos. Yom-Tov]) - if it is sufficiently large to write on it the smallest Parshah of the Teilin (namely, that of 'Sh'ma')

(b)One is not Chayav for the smaller Shi'ur of Kesher Muchsin - since, due to its high price, one does not tend to use it for that purpose.

(c)The Shi'ur for carrying out ...

1. ... ink is - large enough to write two letters (to mark two section of a K'li or two boards).

2. ... K'chol (a blue eye-paint) is - sufficiently large to paint one eye.

7)

(a)The Tana gives the Shi'ur for carrying out glue as enough to cover the surface of a 'Shavsheshes' - (a small plank atop a bamboo that hunters use to catch birds).

(b)He gives the Shi'ur for tar and pitch as enough to make a (small) hole, and for wax, as enough to place on a small hole. The hole for the former is to pour from it liquid silver, the latter - for similar usage on the stopper of a bottle of milk (Tif'eres Yisrael).

(c)The Tana Kama maintains that the Shi'ur for ground brick is enough to make an opening in a gold-smith's furnace - to place bellows there and to pump air into it.

(d)According to Rebbi Yehudah, it is enough to make a 'Pitput' - a tripod that serves as a base for the very same bellows.

(e)Rebbi Yehudah referring to - one of the legs that serves as the tripod's base.

8)

(a)The Shi'ur for oats is enough to place on (al-Pi) a gold-smith's furnace. This means to use as fuel when he runs out of coal - or enough to cover the opening o tghe furnace whilst is being smelted in it.

(b)According to the Tana Kama, the Shi'ur for carrying out lime is enough to smear on a young daughter of a poor family. Besides inducing the regular period that is due, but has not yet begun - it also removes excess hair.

(c)For the daughter of ...

1. ... wealthy parents - they use fine flour, and for ...

2. ... royalty - oil manufactured from olives that has not yet grown a third.

9)

(a)According to Rebbi Yehudah, the Shi'ur for carrying out lime is enough to make a Kilkul (Tzeda'a), and according to Rebbi Nechemyah, an Andifi (bas Tzeda'a), in which case the lime is used - to make the hair lie flat.

(b)'Kilkul' is - the upper temple, whereas 'Andifi' is - the lower temple.

(c)The Haachah is - like the Tana Kama.

10)

(a)According to Rebbi Akiva, the Shi'ur for carrying out red clay is enough to seal a large commercial sack, and fine manure and for fine manure and sand, enough to fertilize a cabbage-leaf. The Chachamim are more stringent in both cases. The Shi'ur they give for ...

1. ... red clay is - enough to seal a letter.

2. ... fine manure and sand - enough to fertilize a leek (which is smaller than a cabbage leaf).

(b)The Shi'ur the Mishnah gives for carrying out thick sand is what one needs to fill a lime-maker's spoon, and for carrying out a thin, unbroken bamboo - if it is large enough to fashion a quill (i.e. that reaches the joints of the middle finger when writing).

(c)The Shi'ur for carrying out a thick bamboo or a broken one is enough to use as fuel to fry the egg - of a chicken ...

(d)... which is already scrambled in oil and placed in the frying-pan.

11)

(a)The Tana gives the Shi'ur for carrying out a bone as one that is large enough to fashion it into a spoon; according to Rebbi Yehudah - he is Chayav even i it is sufficiently large to make the tooth of a key with it.

(b)The Halachah is - large the Tana Kama.

(c)The Shi'ur of a piece of glass is one that is large enough to sharpen a 'Kirkar' - a rod that is used by a weaver to separate the threads of the warp.

(d)The Tana Kama gives the Shi'ur for carrying out a clod of earth as one that is sufficiently large to throw at a bird - and the same Shi'ur applies to a stone.

(e)According to Rebbi Eliezer ben Ya'akov the Shi'ur is large enough to throw at an animal. The reason that he disagrees with the Tana Kama is - because a pebble will suffice to chase away a bird.

12)

(a)Rebbi Yehudah gives the Shi'ur for carrying out clay as 'between one board and another' - with reference to boards that are piled up for building, with gaps between the boards, in which one places pieces of clay to prevent them from warping.

(b)Rebbi Meir says 'Lachtos bo es ha'Ur' - (to stoke the fire of a furnace).

(c)According to Rebbi Yossi, the minimum Shi'ur for clay is enough to manufacture a receptacle - to hold water.

13)

(a)Rebbi Meir supports his opinion with a Pasuk in Yeshayah, which specifically refers to using clay to stoke a fire. Rebbi Yossi counter his proof from the continuation of the very same Pasuk. which adds - "and to draw water from a pit".

(b)The Halachah is like - Rebbi Yossi.