1)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses ornaments that a woman is permitted to wear when she goes in the street and those with which she is not. The list begins with wool and linen threads and straps - that she uses to plait her hair.

(b)The Tana rules that a woman who is wearing one of the above items during the week who needs to Tovel - must first loosen it ...

(c)... and the reason that she is not permitted to go in the street with them is because we are afraid that she may need to Tovel, and will subsequently removes them and carry them four Amos in the street.

2)

(a)The Tana then adds to the list Totefes - (a golden band that goes from ear to ear) and Sanbutin (ornaments that hang from the Totefes to the sides of the wearer's head and cheeks).

(b)The Sanbutin of a poor woman is made of colored cloths - that of a rich woman is made of silver or gold.

(c)The reason for the prohibition is - because she may take it off to show her friends.

(d)The wearer is therefore permitted to go out with the Totefes and Sanbutin - as long as they are they are attached to her head-covering ...

(e)which she will certainly not take off in a public domain.

3)

(a)The list continues with Kavul - (which is a sort of sma;; hat made of cloth, which a woman wears across her forehead, underneath the Tzitz, to stop the Tzitz from hurting her) into the street, Ir shel Zahav and Katla.

(b)A woman is prohibited from going out with it into the street - if she is wearing it without the Tzitz as an independent ornament.

(c)The Tana mentions 'into the street' with regard to K'vul - to teach us that she may wear it in the Chatzer, which is not permitted in the case of all the other ornaments listed in the Mishnah (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(d)Chazal permitted a K'vul in the Chatzer - to avoid a woman from becoming detestable in the eyes of her husband.

(e)According to the Rambam however - the clause 'into the street' (precluding the Chatzer from the prohibition) pertains to all the ornaments listed in the Mishnah.

4)

(a)An ...

1. ... 'Ir shel Zahaz' is - a golden tiara made in the shape of Yerushalayim, whereas a ...

2. ... 'Katla' is - an ornament that fits tightly around a woman's neck, virtually strangling her, in order to expand the shape of her body.

(b)The last three items on the list are nose-rings, a ring without a seal and a needle without a hole. Ear-rings - are permitted (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)The Mishnah writes specifically 'a ring without a seal' - because if she carries a signet-ring in the street she is even Chayav Chatas ...

(d)... because whereas a plain ring is a 'Tachshit' (an ornament for a woman), a signet-ring is not.

5)

(a)Even though a signet-ring is not considered a Tachshit, a woman might carry it - because her husband gave it to her to put it away on his behalf.

(b)And the Chiyuv will apply - even if she wears it on her finger.

(c)Conversely, if a man walks in the street wearing a plain ring - he too is Chayav.

(d)The Tana finally states that a woman who walks in the street wearing any of items listed above - is not Chayav a Chatas (since she has only transgressed an Isur de'Rabbanan).

6)

(a)The Mishnah now deals with the equivalent issue regarding men. The Tana forbids a man to go into the street wearing either a Sandal ha'Mesumar - (a wooden whose sole has many metal studs nailed into it) or a single shoe.

(b)Chazal issued a decree on it - because of an incident that once occurred where people were hiding in a cave from the enemy when suddenly they heard a noise that came from above the cave. Thinking that the enemy was about to attack them, they panicked, and as they stampeded out of the cave to escape (wearing boots such as described above), many of them were trampled to death.

(c)They ...

1. ... confined the prohibition to Shabbos - because the above incident occurred on Shabbos. And ...

2. ... they included Yom-Tov in the decree - because, like Shabbos. it is a day when people gather together.

7)

(a)Some say that the reason for the prohibition of going out with one shoe on Shabbos is because people may suspect him of carrying the other shoe hidden in his clothes. Others explain - that people are likel,y to laugh at him, in which case, he will take of the shoe that he is wearing and carry it.

(b)Chazal permit going out wearing one shoe however - if he has a wound on the other foot ...

(c)... since the wound makes it clear to everyone why he is wearing only one shoe, in which case both of the above fears fall away.

8)

(a)The Tana forbids a man to go out wearing a Kami'ah on Shabbos - if it has not been made by a Mumcheh (an expert).

(b)A Mumcheh is someone who has proved himself by writing three different Kami'os that worked healed three different people (even if the current Kami'ah is not one of them).

(c)The reason that it is then permitted to wear it on Shabbos in the street is - because it is as much a Tachshit as his clothes.

(d)The last three items on the list are a coat of mail, a metal helmet and metal socks - which Chazal forbade because they are weapons that are only worn in wartime, and are not therefore considered Tachshitin.

(e)The Mishnah rules that a man who does wear them in the street - is not Chayav.

9)

(a)The Mishnah rules that a woman who goes in to the street on Shabbos with a regular needle or with a signet-ring - is Chayav a Chatas ...

(b)... because it is not considered an ornament, and the same applies even ...

(c)... if the needle is stuck in her clothing (in the way that seamstresses tend to do) - because a craftsman who carries something in the street the way workers tend to do, is Chayav a Chatas.

10)

(a)The Tana adds to the list Kuliar, Koveles and Tzeluchis shel Palyaton. A 'Kuli'ar is a head-band that surrounds her head like a ring ...

(b)Which she is forbidden to go out with - because most women do not wear it.

(c)A Koveles is a silver or golden wrapper, in which one places - spices that are meant to dispel a foul smell in a woman's mouth.

(d)Whereas the bottle of Palyaton contains - balsam (which creates a pleasant smell).

11)

(a)According to Rebbi Meir, a woman who does go out with any of the above is Chayav Chatas. The Chachamim disagree - because in their opinion, they fall into the category of ornaments ...

(b)... which she is nevertheless forbidden to go out with - in case she takes them off to show her friends.

12)

(a)The Mishnah - forbids a man to go out with a sword, a bow, a Magein, a Kalah or a spear.

(b)A 'T'ris' and an 'Alah' are both made of - wood ...

(c)... only the former is triangular-shaped, whereas the latter is round.

(d)Others translate 'Alah' - as a sling-shooter.

13)

(a)According to the Tana Kama, a man who does go out with any of the above is Chayav Kareis - Rebbi Eliezer defines them all as ornaments.

(b)The Chachamim counter that - on the contrary, based on the Pasuk in Yeshayah "Vechitsu Charvosam le'*Itim*, va'Chanisosam li'*Mazmeros*. Lo Yisa Goy el Goy Cherev ve'Lo Yelamdu Od Milchamah" - wearing them is considered a mark of shame.

(c)The Pasuk includes ...

1. ... "Itim" - (plowshares).

2. ... "Mazmeros" - (pruning-hooks).

14)

(a)The Tana declares a Biris - (a garter, worn on the calf to prevent stockings from falling down) Tahor.

(b)In spite of the cact that it is made of metal, it is nevertheless Tahor - because what ever serves a vessel and not a person, is not subject to Tum'ah.

(c)He also permits a woman to go out with it in the street on Shabbos - seeing as she is unlikely to take it off in the street to show her friends (as this would entail revealing their calves).

15)

(a)On the other hand, the Mishnah declares Kevalim - (a chain that links the two garters, forcing the wearer to take short steps), Tamei.

(b)They were worn by the young ladies of a certain family who used to take long steps, with the result that their Besulim used to fall out.

(c)They are Tamei - because, even though they are attached to the garter, they serve the owner, and not the garter.

(d)The Tana prohibits a woman from going out with them on Shabbos in case they take them off on Shabbos to show their friends.

(e)He does not permit it on the same grounds as he permitted a Biris - precisely because, even she removes the chain, she will still be wearing the stockings which are held in place by the garters.

16)

(a)The Mishnah permits a woman to go out with plaited threads, irrespective of whether they are made of her own hair (see Tiferes Yisrael), the hair of ...

1. ... another woman, or the hair of ...

2. ... an animal.

(b)Having permitted threads made of a woman's ...

1. ... own hair, the Tana nevertheless finds it necessary to add where it is made of another woman's hair - which we might otherwise have prohibited, because, since it disgusts her, she might take it off and carry it.

2. ... hair, he finds it necessary to add where it is made of animal's hair - since at least regarding the former, it is sufficiently similar to her own hair to ensure that people will not laugh at her, whereas regarding the latter, which looks inferior to her own hair, people will laugh at her, causing her to remove it and carry it in the street. Nevertheless, the Mishnah permits it.

(c)The Mishnah - permits a woman to go out with a Totefes and Sanbutin (See Mishnah 1) that are attached to her hat, because then she will not take it off in street, so as not to uncover her hair.

(d)The Tana also permits a woman to wear a Kavul (see Mishnah 1) and a Pe'ah Nochris - (a wig that a woman wears to hide the fact that she does not have much hair) on certain conditions.

(e)He permits her to wear them - provided she does not leave the Chatzer and go with them into the street.

17)

(a)In the Tana's list, he inserts three kind of 'Mukin' (e.g. wads of cotton-wool): a Moch in her ear, a Moch in her shoe - and a Moch which she prepared to absorb the blood of her Nidus.

(b)The first two respectively - are used to absorb the moist in the woman's ears and to prevent her feet from becoming sore from rubbing against her shoes.

(c)The Heter to go out with the latter differs from the Heter to go out with the former two - inasmuch as it does not need to be tied like they do.

18)

(a)The Tana adds to the list the Heter of going out with a pepper or a grain of salt - in her mouth ...

(b)... to counter the foul smell in her mouth and to heal her tooth-ache, respectively.

(c)She is permitted to go out with it - provided she placed them in her mouth before Shabbos.

(d)If it falls out of her mouth on Shabbos - she is not permitted to re-place it.

19)

(a)Rebbi permits a woman to go out with a false tooth (that was not permanently fitted like it is today) or a golden one. He is not afraid that she will take it out to show her friends - because she does not want her friends to see that she is missing a tooth.

(b)The Chachamim nevertheless forbid it - because, seeing as it looks different than her other teeth, we are afraid that her friends will laugh at her, and she will remove it and carry it in the street.

20)

(a)The Tana permits a woman to go out with a Sela (coin) she'al ha'Tzinis (that is tied to a wound on the sole of her foot).

(b)The coin, which is minted - it seems, heals the wound.

(c)And he also permits little girls to go out with ribbons in the holes in their ears. The purpose of ...

1. ... the holes - is in preparation for ear-rings that will be fitted there at a later stage).

2. ... the ribbons - is to prevent the holes from closing in the interim.

(d)the Mishnah finds it necessary to extend the concession to splinters of wood instead of ribbons - in spite of the fact that, unlike the ribbons, they are of no ornamental value.

21)

(a)The Mishnah rules that 'Arabiyos Yotz'os Re'ulos, u'Madiyos Perufos'. 'Arabiyos' and 'Madiyos' refer to Jewish women who live in Arabia and Medes, respectively.

(b)When the Tana says...

1. ... 'Arabiyos Yotz'os Re'ulos', he means - that Arabiyos are permitted to go out with their heads and faces wrapped in a head-scarf, with only their eyes showing.

2. ... 'u'Madiyos Perufos', he means - that Madiyos are permitted to go out with a shawl with a strap hanging from it, one end of which is next to her neck, whilst the other end is wound round a stone or a nut (on the other side of the shawl), thereby preventing it from falling to the ground.

(c)Despite the fact that this concession extends to all women, the Tana nevertheless writes specifically 'Arabiyos and Madiyos' - because they are the ones who generally wear these items.

22)

(a)The Tana - permits a woman wrapping one end of a garment around a stone, a nut or a coin (in the manner that we described in the previous Mishnah) on Shabbos.

(b)When he forbids her to wrap initially on Shabbos - he is referring to the coin, which is Muktzah (see Tif'eres Yisrael).

23)

(a)Rebbi Meir permits a Kite'a - someone who is missing a foot to go out wearing his stump.

(b)He permits it - because the stump is considered like his shoe.

(c)Rebbi Yossi - forbids it, since it is not a Tachshit (neither does he consider it his shoe).

(d)The Halachah is - like Rebbi Yossi.

24)

(a)The Mishnah rules that a stump whose receptacle-shaped top is lined with cloths - is subject to Tum'ah.

(b)The top must be receptacle-shaped - because it is made of wood, and wooden Keilim are only subject to Tum'ah if they are receptacles.

(c)The Tana declares the S'muchos - (leather supports that he places underneath his calves as he shuffles along) of a man who has lost feet who shuffles around on his calves and knees Tamei Medras.

(d)They are Tamei Medras - because they are made to bear his weight.

25)

(a)The man who has lost both feet - is permitted to go out into the street with his S'muchos on Shabbos (since they are his Tachshit).

(b)And despite the fact that one is forbidden to enter the Azarah wearing shoes, he is permitted to enter the Azarah wearing them - because (since they are not worn at the bottom of his feet) they are not considered shoes.

26)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses a man whose knee-veins have dried up and he is unable even to shuffle around on his calves and knees. He gets around using a chair that is loosely strapped to his lower-back and two leather or wooden bench-like supports tied to the stumps of his calves.

(b)To move around - he drags himself forward using his hands and leaning partially on his calves, raising his hind-quarters as he does so. Then he falls back with his chair and starts the process again.

(c)The Tana declares accessories Tamei Medras. He also forbids him both...

1. ... to go out with them into the street on Shabbos and ...

2. ... to wear them in the Azarah.

(d)He is not allowed to enter the Azarah with them because they are considered his shoes (see Tos. Yom-Tov), and he is forbidden to go out with them into the street - either because they are only tied loosely, and may fall off, in which case he is likely to carry the, or because they are not crucial, in which case it is considered carrying.

27)

(a)Finally, the Mishnah declares Ank'tin, Tahor (not subject to Tum'ah). Besides a mask - 'Ank'tin' might also mean a sort of stuffed donkey that the jesters carry around on their shoulders (see also Tif'eres Yisrael).

(b)The reason that it is Tahor is - because it is neither a K'li Tashmish nor is it a Tachshit.

(c)One may not go out with them on Shabbos.

28)

(a)The Tana permits a son to go out into the street wearing a the shoe-lace of a right shoe ...

(b)... which he wears to remove his pining for his father when he is not there.

(c)His father - ties it on his left shoe (or to his left arm [as a Segulah] See also Tif'eres Yisrael) .

(d)This does not apply to a daughter as well - because daughters do not tend to pine for their fathers to that extent.

29)

(a)The Mishnah permits a prince to wear - a small ornamental bell in the street (see Tif'eres Yisrael).

(b)This concession - is not confined to princes ...

(c).. and the Tana only mentions them is - because it is princes who generally wear them.

30)

(a)Rebbi Meir permits one to go out with the egg of a Chargol, the tooth of a fox or the peg from a gallows. A Chargol is - a species of locust ...

(b)... and one wears its egg - in the ear as a cure for ear-ache.

(c)Bearing in mind that the fox's tooth is worn in connection with sleeping problems - someone who oversleeps wears the tooth of a live fox and someone who suffers from insomnia wears the tooth of a dead one.

31)

(a)Some say that the peg from the gallows cures a swelling when it is placed on it. According to the Rambam however - it is placed round the neck of someone who suffers from 'Kadachas Shelishis' (a certain type of fever).

(b)As stated, this is the opinion of Rebbi Meir (see Tif'eres Yisrael). The Chachamim say forbid wearing it even on a weekday, because of Darkei ha'Emori ...

(c)... which we learn from the Pasuk at the end of Kedoshim "ve'Lo Seilchu be'Chukos ha'Goy ... ".

(d)The Halachah however, is not like the Chachamim, based on which principle - that whatever is used as a cure is not subject to 'Darkei ha'Emori'.