1)

(a)Whom does the Beraisa preclude from being circumcised on Shabbos, from the Pasuk in Shemini "u'va'Yom ha'Shemini, Yimol Besar Orlaso" besides a Safek (which will be explained later)?

(b)What does Rebbi Yehudah say about an Androginus, besides the fact that his Milah overrides Shabbos?

(c)Who else does the Tana preclude from being circumcised on Shabbos, besides a baby that is born Bein ha'Shemashos (on Friday evening)?

1)

(a)From the Pasuk "u'va'Yom ha'Shemini, Yimol Besar Orlaso" - (besides a Safek, which will be explained later) we preclude an Androginus from being circumcised on Shabbos.

(b)Besides the fact that the Milah of an Androginus overrides Shabbos, Rebbi Yehudah - declares one who does who does circumcise himself Chayav Kareis.

(c)Besides a baby that is born Ben ha'Shemashos (on Friday evening), the Tana precludes - a baby that is Nolad Mahul (born already circumcised) from having Hatafas Dam Bris on Shabbos (according to Beis Shamai, as we shall now see).

2)

(a)According to Beis Shamai, a baby who is born circumcised requires Hatafas Dam Bris. What is 'Hatafas Dam Bris'?

(b)What do Beis Hillel say?

(c)What is the basis of their Machlokes?

(d)What do Beis Shamai say about circumcising him on Shabbos?

2)

(a)According to Beis Shamai, a baby who is born circumcised requires Hatafas Dam Bris - which is a drop of blood drawn from the location of the Bris Milah.

(b)According to Beis Hillel - Hatafas Dam Bris is not necessary.

(c)According to Beis Shamai - every Nolad Mahul is a Safek Orlah Kevushah (a Safek Orlah that is hidden under the skin); according to Beis Hillel - it is not.

(d)It is according to Beis Shamai - that the Beraisa precludes a Nolad Mahul from being circumcised on Shabbos, as we explained earlier.

3)

(a)According to Rebbi Shimon ben Elazar, Beis Hillel agree that a Nolad Mahul requires Hatafas Dam Bris. Why is that?

(b)Then over what are Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel arguing?

(c)Why, according to Beis Hillel, should the latter require Hatafas Dam Bris any less than a Nolad Mahul?

3)

(a)According to Rebbi Shimon ben Elazar, Beis Hillel agree that a Nolad Mahul requires Hatafas Dam Bris - because it is Orlah Kevushah (see also the last Rashi on 134a).

(b)And Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel are arguing over - a Nochri (such as an Arab) who was circumcised before converting, who is Patur from Milah according to Beis Hillel ...

(c)... because, unlike Nolad Mahul, he definitely does not have an Orlah.

4)

(a)What does the Tana of the first Beraisa mean when he says 've'Lo Safek Docheh es ha'Shabbos'? Which Safek still remains that he has not already listed?

(b)Why does one not circumcise an eighth month baby?

(c)How does another Beraisa define him?

(d)Seeing as his mother is forbidden to move him, why is she nevertheless permitted to 'bend over him and feed him'?

4)

(a)When the Tana of the first Beraisa says 've'Lo Safek Docheh es ha'Shabbos', the only remaining not yet mentioned is - a Safek whether the baby was born in the seventh month or in the eighth.

(b)One does not circumcise an eighth month baby - because he will not survive, and is not therefore subject to Bris Milah.

(c)Another Beraisa defines him as - a stone, who is therefore Muktzeh.

(d)Despite the fact that his mother is forbidden to move him, she is nevertheless permitted to 'bend over him and feed him' - because not to relieve herself of her milk can be harmful to her.

5)

(a)Rav rules like the Tana Kama (according to Beis Hillel). What does Shmuel say?

(b)What happened to Rav Ada bar Ahavah, when his wife bore him a child who was a Nolad Mahul?

(c)What did Rav Ada bar Ahavah comment on that?

5)

(a)Rav rules like the Tana Kama (according to Beis Hillel), Shmuel - like Rebbi Shimon ben Elazar.

(b)When Rav Ada bar Ahavah's wife bore him a child who was a Nolad Mahul - he handed the baby to no less than thirteen Mohalim, who all refused to circumcise him (because it was Shabbos), so he tried to perform the Mitzvah himself, and ended up cutting off part of the Gid, turning him into a K'rus Shofchah (who is unable to father children).

(c)Rav Ada bar Ahavah commented on this - that it served him right for contravening the opinion of Rav.

6)

(a)Rav Nachman asked Rav Ada bar Ahavah why he thought that he had conformed with the opinion of Shmuel. Why did he (Rav Nachman) think that he had not?

(b)On what grounds did Rav Ada bar Ahavah disagree with him? How did he interpret Shmuel's ruling?

(c)In fact, they are arguing over the same point as Rabah and Rav Yosef. Rabah says 'Chayshinan Shema Orlah Kevushah Hi'. What does Rav Yosef say?

6)

(a)Rav Nachman asked Rav Ada bar Ahavah why he thought that he had conformed with the opinion of Shmuel. Rav Nachman thought that he had not - because he believed thatb even Shmuel only rules like Rebbi Shimon ben Elazar during the week, but not on Shabbos (because a Nolad Mahul is a Safek Orlah Kevushah).

(b)Rav Ada bar Ahavah disagreed with him however - in that in his opinion, Rebbi Shimon ben Elazar considers a Nolad Mahul to be Vadai Orlah Kevushah (in which case he is Chayav to be circumcised on Shabbos too).

(c)In fact, they are arguing over the same point as Rabah and Rav Yosef. Rabah says 'Chayshinan Shema Orlah Kevushah Hi'. Rav Yosef says 'Vadai Orlah Kevushah Hi'.

7)

(a)Rav Yosef tries to prove that a Nolad Mahul is a Vadai Orlah Kevushah from a Beraisa where Rebbi Elazar ha'Kapor establishes the Machlokes between Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel with regard to circumcising a Nolad Mahul on Shabbos. What does he then say regarding Hatafas Dam Bris during the week?

(b)What does Rav Yosef think that the Tana Kama will hold with regard to a Nolad Mahul on Shabbos?

(c)How do we counter Rav Yosef's proof. What might the Tana Kama really hold?

(d)How do we answer the question that if that is so, Rebbi Elazar ha'Kapar is merely coming to teach us the opinion of Beis Shamai (which is inconceivable)?

7)

(a)Rav Yosef tries to prove that a Nolad Mahul is a Vadai Orlah Kevushah from a Beraisa where Rebbi Elazar ha'Kapor establishes the Machlokes between Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel with regard to circumcising a Nolad Mahul on Shabbos - but during the week, both will agree that he requires Hatafas Dam Bris during the week.

(b)Rav Yosef thinks that, according to the Tana Kama - both Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel will agree that 'Mechalelin Alav es ha'Shabbos' (and he requires Hatafas Dam Bris).

(c)We counter Rav Yosef's proof - by suggesting that on the contrary, according to the Tana Kama, they will both hold 'Ein Mechalelin ... '.

(d)And Rebbi Elazar ha'Kapar is not merely coming to teach us the opinion of Beis Shamai - but that Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel do not argue over this point.

8)

(a)What does Rav Asi learn from the Pesukim "Ishah ki Sazri'a ... ve'Tam'ah ... u'va'Yom ha'Shemini Yimol Besar Orlaso"?

(b)What, besides a woman who gave birth to a boy and who converted the following day, is an example of 'Ein Imo Temei'ah Leidah'?

(c)How does Rav Asi refute Abaye's query from the generations from Avraham to Moshe, whose mothers were not Metamei Leidah, yet who performed the Bris on the eighth day?

8)

(a)Rav Asi learns from the Pesukim "Ishah ki Sazri'a ... ve'Tam'ah ... u'va'Yom ha'Shemini Yimol Besar Orlaso" - that it is only a baby that renders his mother Tamei Leidah who is circumcised on the eighth day (Otherwise, he is circumcised immediately or as soon as possible).

(b)Besides a woman who gave birth to a boy and who converted the following day, an example of 'Ein Imo Temei'ah Leidah' is - one who gave birth bu cesarean birth.

(c)Rav Asi refutes Abaye's query from the generations from Avraham to Moshe, whose mothers were not Metamei Leidah, yet who performed the Bris on the eighth day - with the statement 'Nitnah Torah, Nischadshah Halachah'.

9)

(a)What is the Machlokes between Rav Huna and Rav Chiya bar Rav argue regarding a baby born by cesarean section and one who is born with two Orlos?

(b)What do we initially think they will hold with regard to performing the Bris on the eighth day when it does not fall on Shabbos?

(c)We refute this proof by saying 'Ha be'Ha Talya'. What does this mean?

9)

(a)Rav Huna and Rav Chiya bar Rav argue over a baby born by cesarean section and one who is born with two Orlos - whether one performs the Bris on the eighth day when it falls on Shabbos or not.

(b)Initially, we think that when the eighth day does not fall on Shabbos - they both agree that he requires Milah on the eighth day (a Kashya on Rebbi Asi).

(c)We refute this proof by saying 'Ha be'Ha Talya', by which we mean - that the two Dinim are interconnected, and that the one who forbids the Milah on Shabbos, also holds that it is not necessary to wait until the eighth day.

135b----------------------------------------135b

10)

(a)In fact, Rebbi Asi's ruling is a Machlokes Tana'im. The Beraisa discusses two categories of Eved Cana'ani who require Bris Milah. What are they?

(b)On which two possible days does one become obligated to circumcise them?

(c)From where do we know that there are two such categories?

(d)What is the significance in this regard of the word "Lachem" in the Pasuk "u'Ven Shemonas Yamim Yimol Lachem Kol Zachar ... "?

10)

(a)In fact, Rebbi Asi's ruling is a Machlokes Tana'im. The Beraisa discusses two categories of Eved Cana'ani who require Bris Milah - a Miknas Kesef (one that is purchased) and a Yelid Bayis (that is born to one's Shifchah).

(b)One becomes obligated to circumcise them - either on the eighth day or on the first (or as soon as possible).

(c)We know that there are two such categories - from the two Pesukim with regard to Yelid Bayis and Miknas Kesef, one of which mentions eight days, and one of which does not.

(d)And logically, "Lachem" )in the Pasuk "u'ven Shemonas Yamim Yimol Lachem Kol Zachar ... ") teaches us - that whenever it is similar to "Lachem" that is when the Eved is circumcised on the eighth day (as we shall explain).

11)

(a)If one purchased a pregnant Shifchah, the baby must be circumcised on the eighth day. What is then the case of a Miknas Kesef who is circumcised immediately?

(b)If one's Shifchah became pregnant, the baby requires Milah on the eighth day. In which case does Rebbi Acha dispute the latter ruling? When is the baby born to a Yelid Bayis circumcised immediately?

(c)What does the Tana Kama say?

(d)What is the basis of their Machlokes?

11)

(a)If one purchased a pregnant Shifchah, the baby must be circumcised on the eighth day. The case of a Miknas Kesef who is circumcised immediately is - one has already been born and whom one purchases together with his mother.

(b)If one's Shifchah became pregnant, the baby requires Milah on the eighth day. According to Rebbi Acha - if the baby is born before his mother Toveled, he is circumcised immediately.

(c)The Tana Kama holds - that either way, the baby is circumcised on the eighth day ...

(d)... because he holds - that the baby is circumcised on the eighth day whether the mother is Tamei Leidah or not, whereas according to Rebbi Acha, the two are interdependent (like Rebbi Asi explained).

12)

(a)According to R. Chama, we have no problem in presenting all four possibilities, both Yelid Bayis and Miknas Kesef, which are circumcised on the eighth day or on the first. We present the case of Miknas Kesef that is circumcised on the first day, according to Rebbi Chama where Reuven purchased the mother and Shimon, the baby. Why is the baby then circumcised on the first day and not on the eighth?

(b)Why do we not ...

1. ... establish the case like the Tana Kama of the Beraisa (when he purchased a Shifchah together with her baby)?

2. ... present the case in the same way as we do Yelid Bayis (where he purchased the pregnant mother, who gave birth to the boy before she Toveled)?

(c)In which of the above cases does the text of the She'iltos differ from ours?

(d)On what grounds did he change it

12)

(a)According to R. Chama, we have no problem in presenting all four possibilities, both Yelid Bayis and Miknas Kesef, which are circumcised on the eighth day or on the first. We present the case of Miknas Kesef that is circumcised on the first day, according to Rebbi Chama where Reuven purchased the mother and Shimon, the baby. The baby then circumcised on the first day and not on the eighth - because the Torah writes "Himol Lachem" (as we explained), implying that for a baby to be circumcised on the eighth day, it must be in your possession from the time of birth.

(b)We do not ...

1. ... establish the case like the Tana Kama of the Beraisa (when he purchased a Shifchah together with her baby) - because then, seeing as the baby was born before the Tevilah, the same would apply even if he was born after he purchased her (so why establish the case where he was born before?).

2. ... present the case in the same way as we do Yelid Bayis (where he purchased the pregnant mother, who gave birth to the boy before she Toveled) - because he prefers to teach us the bigger Chidush that there times when he is circumstances when the baby is circumcised on the first day even though he was born after his mother Toveled.

(c)The She'iltos text differs from ours - with regard to Yelid Bayis who is circumcised on the first day, where it reads ''Nimol le'Echad Nami K'gon she'Lakach Shifchah u'V'eladah Imah (instead of ' ... Zeh Shifchah ve'Zeh Ubrah') ...

(d)... because he did not see why it was necessary to alter the text in the Reisha (according to the Tana Kama, as we explained).

13)

(a)What problem do we now have according to the Chachamim?

(b)Rebbi Yirmiyah answers that it possible in a case where he purchased a Shifchah only in order to acquire her fetus. How does this answer the Kashya?

(c)This answer is inadequate however, according to the one who holds 'Kinyan Peiros ke'Kinyan ha'Guf'. Which Amora'im argue over this point in Bava Basra.

(d)So why is the answer inadequate according to that opinion?

(e)How does Rav Mesharshaya finally resolve the problem? In which case will the Yelid Bayis be circumcised on the first day, according to the Chachamim?

13)

(a)The problem according to the Chachamim is - what is the case of Yelid Bayis who is circumcised on the first day.

(b)Rebbi Yirmiyah answers that it is possible in a case where he purchased a Shifchah only in order to acquire her fetus - in which case it is once again not similar to "Lachem" (and when the baby is born, he will be circumcised on the first day).

(c)This answer will not hold water however, according to the opinion that holds 'Kinyan Peiros ke'Kinyan ha'Guf'. Rebbi Yochanan and Resh Lakish argue over this point in Bava Basra.

(d)The answer will not hold water according to that opinion - because if 'Kinyan Peiros ke'Kinyan ha'Guf' - then acquiring the fetus is as if one acquires the mother too.

(e)Rav Mesharshaya finally resolves the problem - by establishing the case where he purchases the Shifchah on the express condition that she will not Tovel, in which case it is again not like "Lachem", and the Yelid Bayis is circumcised on the first day.

14)

(a)What does Raban Shimon ben Gamliel in a Beraisa learn from the Pasuk ...

1. ... in Korach "u'Feduyav mi'ben Chodesh Tifdeh"?

2. ... in Emor "u'mi'Yom ha'Shemini Vahal'ah, Yeratzeh le'Korban"?

(b)What problem do we then have with every eighth day Milah?

(c)How does Rav Ada bar Ahavah answer the question?

(d)How do Mar b'rei de'Ravina and Rav Nechumi bar Zecharyah then explain the Beraisa, which forbids circumcising a Safek seventh month, Safek eighth-month baby on Shabbos?

(e)Why does he specifically cite Rebbi Eliezer?

14)

(a)Raban Shimon ben Gamliel learns from ...

1. ... "u'Feduyav mi'ben Chodesh Tifdeh" - that until a (firstborn) baby has reached thirty (one) days (see Tosfos DH 'Kol'), he is a Safek Nefel.

2. ... "u'mi'Yom ha'Shemini Vahal'ah, Yeratzeh le'Korban" - that a first-born animal is a Safek Nefel until the beginning of the eighth day.

(b)The problem with every eighth day Milah is - how can it can ever take place. How do we know that he is not a Nefel?

(c)Rav Ada bar Ahavah answers - because even if the baby is a Nefel, there is no Isur in cutting 'a piece of flesh' on Shabbos (since the Melachah of drawing blood is confined to a live person, whereas a Nefel is considered dead).

(d)And to resolve the Beraisa, which forbids circumcising a Safek seventh month, Safek eighth-month baby on Shabbos - Mar b'rei de'Ravina and Rav Nechumi bar Zecharyah establish it by Machshirei Milah which could have been done before Shabbos ...

(e)... according to Rebbi Eliezer - since the Chachamim do not allow Machshirei Milah on Shabbos under any circumstances (as we learned earlier).

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