1)

(a)From the Pasuk "u'va'Yom ha'Shemini, Yimol Besar Orlaso" - (besides a Safek, which will be explained later) we preclude an Androginus from being circumcised on Shabbos.

(b)Besides the fact that the Milah of an Androginus overrides Shabbos, Rebbi Yehudah - declares one who does who does circumcise himself Chayav Kareis.

(c)Besides a baby that is born Ben ha'Shemashos (on Friday evening), the Tana precludes - a baby that is Nolad Mahul (born already circumcised) from having Hatafas Dam Bris on Shabbos (according to Beis Shamai, as we shall now see).

2)

(a)According to Beis Shamai, a baby who is born circumcised requires Hatafas Dam Bris - which is a drop of blood drawn from the location of the Bris Milah.

(b)According to Beis Hillel - Hatafas Dam Bris is not necessary.

(c)According to Beis Shamai - every Nolad Mahul is a Safek Orlah Kevushah (a Safek Orlah that is hidden under the skin); according to Beis Hillel - it is not.

(d)It is according to Beis Shamai - that the Beraisa precludes a Nolad Mahul from being circumcised on Shabbos, as we explained earlier.

3)

(a)According to Rebbi Shimon ben Elazar, Beis Hillel agree that a Nolad Mahul requires Hatafas Dam Bris - because it is Orlah Kevushah (see also the last Rashi on 134a).

(b)And Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel are arguing over - a Nochri (such as an Arab) who was circumcised before converting, who is Patur from Milah according to Beis Hillel ...

(c)... because, unlike Nolad Mahul, he definitely does not have an Orlah.

4)

(a)When the Tana of the first Beraisa says 've'Lo Safek Docheh es ha'Shabbos', the only remaining not yet mentioned is - a Safek whether the baby was born in the seventh month or in the eighth.

(b)One does not circumcise an eighth month baby - because he will not survive, and is not therefore subject to Bris Milah.

(c)Another Beraisa defines him as - a stone, who is therefore Muktzeh.

(d)Despite the fact that his mother is forbidden to move him, she is nevertheless permitted to 'bend over him and feed him' - because not to relieve herself of her milk can be harmful to her.

5)

(a)Rav rules like the Tana Kama (according to Beis Hillel), Shmuel - like Rebbi Shimon ben Elazar.

(b)When Rav Ada bar Ahavah's wife bore him a child who was a Nolad Mahul - he handed the baby to no less than thirteen Mohalim, who all refused to circumcise him (because it was Shabbos), so he tried to perform the Mitzvah himself, and ended up cutting off part of the Gid, turning him into a K'rus Shofchah (who is unable to father children).

(c)Rav Ada bar Ahavah commented on this - that it served him right for contravening the opinion of Rav.

6)

(a)Rav Nachman asked Rav Ada bar Ahavah why he thought that he had conformed with the opinion of Shmuel. Rav Nachman thought that he had not - because he believed thatb even Shmuel only rules like Rebbi Shimon ben Elazar during the week, but not on Shabbos (because a Nolad Mahul is a Safek Orlah Kevushah).

(b)Rav Ada bar Ahavah disagreed with him however - in that in his opinion, Rebbi Shimon ben Elazar considers a Nolad Mahul to be Vadai Orlah Kevushah (in which case he is Chayav to be circumcised on Shabbos too).

(c)In fact, they are arguing over the same point as Rabah and Rav Yosef. Rabah says 'Chayshinan Shema Orlah Kevushah Hi'. Rav Yosef says 'Vadai Orlah Kevushah Hi'.

7)

(a)Rav Yosef tries to prove that a Nolad Mahul is a Vadai Orlah Kevushah from a Beraisa where Rebbi Elazar ha'Kapor establishes the Machlokes between Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel with regard to circumcising a Nolad Mahul on Shabbos - but during the week, both will agree that he requires Hatafas Dam Bris during the week.

(b)Rav Yosef thinks that, according to the Tana Kama - both Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel will agree that 'Mechalelin Alav es ha'Shabbos' (and he requires Hatafas Dam Bris).

(c)We counter Rav Yosef's proof - by suggesting that on the contrary, according to the Tana Kama, they will both hold 'Ein Mechalelin ... '.

(d)And Rebbi Elazar ha'Kapar is not merely coming to teach us the opinion of Beis Shamai - but that Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel do not argue over this point.

8)

(a)Rav Asi learns from the Pesukim "Ishah ki Sazri'a ... ve'Tam'ah ... u'va'Yom ha'Shemini Yimol Besar Orlaso" - that it is only a baby that renders his mother Tamei Leidah who is circumcised on the eighth day (Otherwise, he is circumcised immediately or as soon as possible).

(b)Besides a woman who gave birth to a boy and who converted the following day, an example of 'Ein Imo Temei'ah Leidah' is - one who gave birth bu cesarean birth.

(c)Rav Asi refutes Abaye's query from the generations from Avraham to Moshe, whose mothers were not Metamei Leidah, yet who performed the Bris on the eighth day - with the statement 'Nitnah Torah, Nischadshah Halachah'.

9)

(a)Rav Huna and Rav Chiya bar Rav argue over a baby born by cesarean section and one who is born with two Orlos - whether one performs the Bris on the eighth day when it falls on Shabbos or not.

(b)Initially, we think that when the eighth day does not fall on Shabbos - they both agree that he requires Milah on the eighth day (a Kashya on Rebbi Asi).

(c)We refute this proof by saying 'Ha be'Ha Talya', by which we mean - that the two Dinim are interconnected, and that the one who forbids the Milah on Shabbos, also holds that it is not necessary to wait until the eighth day.

10)

(a)In fact, Rebbi Asi's ruling is a Machlokes Tana'im. The Beraisa discusses two categories of Eved Cana'ani who require Bris Milah - a Miknas Kesef (one that is purchased) and a Yelid Bayis (that is born to one's Shifchah).

(b)One becomes obligated to circumcise them - either on the eighth day or on the first (or as soon as possible).

(c)We know that there are two such categories - from the two Pesukim with regard to Yelid Bayis and Miknas Kesef, one of which mentions eight days, and one of which does not.

(d)And logically, "Lachem" )in the Pasuk "u'ven Shemonas Yamim Yimol Lachem Kol Zachar ... ") teaches us - that whenever it is similar to "Lachem" that is when the Eved is circumcised on the eighth day (as we shall explain).

11)

(a)If one purchased a pregnant Shifchah, the baby must be circumcised on the eighth day. The case of a Miknas Kesef who is circumcised immediately is - one has already been born and whom one purchases together with his mother.

(b)If one's Shifchah became pregnant, the baby requires Milah on the eighth day. According to Rebbi Acha - if the baby is born before his mother Toveled, he is circumcised immediately.

(c)The Tana Kama holds - that either way, the baby is circumcised on the eighth day ...

(d)... because he holds - that the baby is circumcised on the eighth day whether the mother is Tamei Leidah or not, whereas according to Rebbi Acha, the two are interdependent (like Rebbi Asi explained).

12)

(a)According to R. Chama, we have no problem in presenting all four possibilities, both Yelid Bayis and Miknas Kesef, which are circumcised on the eighth day or on the first. We present the case of Miknas Kesef that is circumcised on the first day, according to Rebbi Chama where Reuven purchased the mother and Shimon, the baby. The baby then circumcised on the first day and not on the eighth - because the Torah writes "Himol Lachem" (as we explained), implying that for a baby to be circumcised on the eighth day, it must be in your possession from the time of birth.

(b)We do not ...

1. ... establish the case like the Tana Kama of the Beraisa (when he purchased a Shifchah together with her baby) - because then, seeing as the baby was born before the Tevilah, the same would apply even if he was born after he purchased her (so why establish the case where he was born before?).

2. ... present the case in the same way as we do Yelid Bayis (where he purchased the pregnant mother, who gave birth to the boy before she Toveled) - because he prefers to teach us the bigger Chidush that there times when he is circumstances when the baby is circumcised on the first day even though he was born after his mother Toveled.

(c)The She'iltos text differs from ours - with regard to Yelid Bayis who is circumcised on the first day, where it reads ''Nimol le'Echad Nami K'gon she'Lakach Shifchah u'V'eladah Imah (instead of ' ... Zeh Shifchah ve'Zeh Ubrah') ...

(d)... because he did not see why it was necessary to alter the text in the Reisha (according to the Tana Kama, as we explained).

13)

(a)The problem according to the Chachamim is - what is the case of Yelid Bayis who is circumcised on the first day.

(b)Rebbi Yirmiyah answers that it is possible in a case where he purchased a Shifchah only in order to acquire her fetus - in which case it is once again not similar to "Lachem" (and when the baby is born, he will be circumcised on the first day).

(c)This answer will not hold water however, according to the opinion that holds 'Kinyan Peiros ke'Kinyan ha'Guf'. Rebbi Yochanan and Resh Lakish argue over this point in Bava Basra.

(d)The answer will not hold water according to that opinion - because if 'Kinyan Peiros ke'Kinyan ha'Guf' - then acquiring the fetus is as if one acquires the mother too.

(e)Rav Mesharshaya finally resolves the problem - by establishing the case where he purchases the Shifchah on the express condition that she will not Tovel, in which case it is again not like "Lachem", and the Yelid Bayis is circumcised on the first day.

14)

(a)Raban Shimon ben Gamliel learns from ...

1. ... "u'Feduyav mi'ben Chodesh Tifdeh" - that until a (firstborn) baby has reached thirty (one) days (see Tosfos DH 'Kol'), he is a Safek Nefel.

2. ... "u'mi'Yom ha'Shemini Vahal'ah, Yeratzeh le'Korban" - that a first-born animal is a Safek Nefel until the beginning of the eighth day.

(b)The problem with every eighth day Milah is - how can it can ever take place. How do we know that he is not a Nefel?

(c)Rav Ada bar Ahavah answers - because even if the baby is a Nefel, there is no Isur in cutting 'a piece of flesh' on Shabbos (since the Melachah of drawing blood is confined to a live person, whereas a Nefel is considered dead).

(d)And to resolve the Beraisa, which forbids circumcising a Safek seventh month, Safek eighth-month baby on Shabbos - Mar b'rei de'Ravina and Rav Nechumi bar Zecharyah establish it by Machshirei Milah which could have been done before Shabbos ...

(e)... according to Rebbi Eliezer - since the Chachamim do not allow Machshirei Milah on Shabbos under any circumstances (as we learned earlier).