(Mishnah): The Shi'ur for nutshells, pomegranate peels, Istis and Pu'ah is enough to dye a small garment.

Contradiction (Beraisa): If one was Motzi soaked ingredients [for dye], the Shi'ur is to dye a sample the size of Ira (a small ball placed in the shuttle to hold the woof).

Answer (Rav Nachman): The Shi'ur in our Mishnah is bigger because people do not bother to soak the amount needed for a sample.

(Mishnah): The Shi'ur for urine...

(Beraisa): The urine must be at most 40 days old (after that it not good for laundering or removing Dam Nidah).

(Mishnah): Niter.

(Beraisa): The niter is of Alexandria, not of Anfanterin.

(Mishnah): Boris.

(Rav Yehudah): This is sand.

Question (Beraisa): Boris and sand...

Retraction: Rather, Boris is sulfur.

Question (Beraisa): Chachamim added the following (they also have Kedushas Shemitah) - Chelbeitzin (ornithogalum), Le'inon (wormwood), Boris and aloe.

Shemitah does not apply to sulfur!

(Beraisa): Shemitah applies to things that have roots [in the ground], and to nothing else.

Retraction: Rather, Boris is aloe.

Question: The Beraisa listed Boris and aloe!

Answer: These are two kinds of aloe.

(Mishnah): Kemulia.

(Rav Yehudah): This is a type of grass which is dried and ground, and used for washing hands.

(Mishnah): Ashleg.

(Shmuel citing seafarers): This is found in holes in pearls, it is extracted using iron prongs.

(Mishnah): The Shi'ur for the following is any amount (the reasons will be explained) - pepper, Itran (oil from a pine tree), fragrant spices, and kinds of metals.

The Shi'ur for the following is any amount that people store - stones or dirt of the Mizbe'ach, Mekek (worm-eaten) Seforim or Mekek of their covers;

R. Yehudah says, also the Shi'ur for idolatry is any amount - "Lo Yidbak b'Yadcha Me'umah Min ha'Cherem".

(Gemara) Question: What is a tiny pepper good for?

Answer: It covers up bad breath.

(Mishnah): Any amount of Itran.

This helps for an ache of half the head.

(Mishnah): Any amount of fragrant spices.

(Beraisa): One is liable for any amount of something odorous (people fumigate Chulin or children with a bad smell to keep away Mazikim), good [fragrant] oil, purple wool (it can be smelled), or one young rose leaf (Rashi; Aruch - a rose colored cotton wick).

(Mishnah): Any amount of kinds of metals.

Question: What is a tiny amount good for?

Answer (Beraisa - R. Shimon ben Elazar): Any amount of metal can be used to make a small Darban (end of an animal prod).

Version #1 (Beraisa - Others): If one said 'Alai (I vow to give to Hekdesh) iron', he must bring one Amah by one Amah.

Question: What use is there for this [in the Mikdash]?

Answer (Rav Yosef): It is enough for Kalyah Orev (it prevents ravens from resting on the Heichal; Rashi - these are spikes, or an iron plate with a sharp edge pointing up; Aruch - it is a scarecrow).

Version #2 (Beraisa - Others): He must bring enough for Kalyah Orev.

Question: How much is this?

Answer (Rav Yosef): It is one Amah by one Amah.

[If one vowed to give] copper, he must bring the value of a silver Ma'ah (a sixth of a Dinar);

(Beraisa - R. Eliezer): He must bring the size of a small fork.

Question: What use is there for this [in the Mikdash]?

Answer (Abaye): It is used to trim the end of wicks and clean out the Neros.

(Mishnah): Mekak of Seforim or their covers.

(Rav Yehudah): Different worms have different names - Mekak eats Seforim, Tachech eats silk, Ila eats grapes, Peh eats figs, Hah eats pomegranates - it is dangerous to eat any of them.

A Talmid was eating figs in front of R. Yochanan; he felt something prick his throat, and cried out 'There are thorns in these figs!'

R. Yochanan: Peh killed this Talmid.

(Mishnah): If one was Motzi a peddler's box (it has many compartments), even though there are many species in it, he brings only one Chatas;

One is liable for [Hotza'ah of] less than k'Grogeres of garden seeds;

R. Yehudah ben Beseira is Mechayev for five seeds.

One is liable for two seeds of cucumbers, gourds, or Mitzri beans.

One is liable for a live Tahor grasshopper of any size; if it is dead, the Shi'ur is k'Grogeres.

One is liable for Tzipores Keramim (this will be defined) of any size, dead or alive, for people save it for cures.

R. Yehudah says, even one who is Motzi a live Tamei grasshopper is liable, for people save it for children to play with.

(Gemara) Contradiction (Mishnah - R. Akiva): The Shi'ur for manure or fine sand is enough to fertilize a stalk of cabbage;

Chachamim say, it is enough to fertilize a leek stalk. (This shows that even what comes from one seed is important!)

Answer (Rav Papa): A seed that already grew is different, for people do not bother to take out a single seed to plant.

(Mishnah): Cucumber seeds.

(Beraisa): If one was Motzi date pits to plant, the Shi'ur is two; if he was Motzi them to eat, the Shi'ur is enough to fill a pig's mouth.

Question: How much is this?

Answer: It is one.

If he was Motzi them for fuel, the Shi'ur is enough to cook a light egg; if he was Motzi them for [markers for] calculating, the Shi'ur is two;

Others say, the Shi'ur [for calculating] is five.

(Beraisa): If one was Motzi two hairs from the tail of a horse or cow, he is liable, for people use these for nets to trap birds;

The Shi'ur for hard hairs over a pig's spine is one, the Shi'ur for peeled palm leaves is two; the Shi'ur for fibers (that grow around date trees) is one.

(Mishnah): One is liable for Tzipores Keramim of any size, dead or alive.

Question: What is this?

Answer #1 (Rav): It is Palya Bi'ari (a Tahor grasshopper).

(Abaye): It is found in date trees surrounded by only one ring of shoots; it is used to open the heart [to understand].

One eats the right half and puts the left half in a reed, seals it with 60 (i.e. many) seals, and hangs it on his left arm.

A way to remember this - "Lev Chacham li'Mino v'Lev Kesil li'Smolo".

After he becomes sufficiently wise, and learned enough, he may eat the left half;

If he will not (rather, he will discard it), he will forget his learning.

(Mishnah - R. Yehudah): Even one who is Motzi a live Tamei grasshopper is liable, for people save it for children to play with.

The first Tana holds that people do not save it for children to play with.

Question: What is the reason?

Answer #1: They are afraid that the child will eat it.

Objection: If so, they should also be concerned about Tahor grasshoppers!

Rav Kahana was in front of Rav, he put a Tahor grasshopper in front of his mouth.

Rav: Remove it, lest people will say that you ate it and transgressed Bal Teshaktzu (doing something disgusting)!

Answer #2: They are afraid that it will die and then the child will eat it.

R. Yehudah is not concerned for this - if it died, a child would eulogize it [and not eat it].

(Mishnah): if one was Matzni'a (stored away) for planting, a sample or for a cure and was Motzi on Shabbos, he is liable for any amount;

Anyone else is not liable unless if he was Motzi a Shi'ur;

If he (the Matzni'a who was Motzi) later decided not to plant it and took it back into his house, he is liable [for Hachnasah to Reshus ha'Yachid] only for a Shi'ur.

(Gemara) Question: Why does it say that he was Matzni'a - it should say that one who was Motzi for planting, a sample or a cure is liable for any amount (since it is important for him)!

Answer (Abaye): The case is, he was Matzni'a and later forgot why he was Matzni'a, and was Motzi Stam (without intent):

One might have thought that he nullified his original intent - the Mishnah teaches, this is not so, one always acts according to his original intent.