1)

THINGS A WOMAN MAY WEAR OUTSIDE ON SHABBOS

(a)

(Mishnah) Question: What may a woman wear outside, and what is forbidden? (Mishnayos starting on 64B will detail what is permitted.)

(b)

Answer: She may not go out with threads of wool or linen in her head, or ribbons;

(c)

She may not immerse with them unless she loosens them.

(d)

She may not go out with Totefes or Sarbitin (the various ornaments are explained later) if they are not sewn [into a headdress that covers her hair];

(e)

She may not go out with Kavul to Reshus ha'Rabim, nor with Ir Shel Zahav, nor with Katla, nose rings or rings without a stamp, or a needle without a hole;

1.

If she went out with any of these, she is exempt.

(f)

(Gemara) Question: Why does the Mishnah mention immersing [while wearing Kelim that she may not wear]?

(g)

Answer (Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak): This clause is the reason for the previous one:

1.

She may not go out with threads of wool or linen because Chachamim require her to remove them before immersing, even during the week - if she will wear them on Shabbos, perhaps she will have to immerse, and she will remove them and carry them four Amos in Reshus ha'Rabim!

(h)

Question (Rav Kahana): What is the law regarding [woven] chains of threads?

(i)

Answer (Rav): Anything woven is permitted [it cannot be made tight, therefore it need not be removed].

(j)

Version #1 (Rav Huna brei d'Rav Yehoshua): Anything woven is permitted.

(k)

Version #2 (Rav Huna brei d'Rav Yehoshua): I saw that my sisters are not particular to remove them [when bathing, for they do not obstruct water at all, all the more so one need not remove them to immerse].

(l)

Question: What is the difference between these versions?

(m)

Answer: They argue about when they are dirty:

1.

Version #1 permits them, for they are woven; Version #2 forbids them, for one removes them [when immersing] for one's own cleanliness.

2)

WHICH THREADS ARE A CHATZITZAH?

(a)

(Mishnah): The following are a Chatzitzah on a person - threads of wool or linen or ribbons in a girl's head;

(b)

R. Yehudah says, [threads of] wool or hair are not a Chatzitzah, because water goes through them.

(c)

(Rav Huna): [Not only ribbons, but] also the threads discussed are in a girl's head.

(d)

Question (Rav Yosef): What does Rav Huna come to exclude?

(e)

Answer: He excludes threads on the neck (all agree that they are not a Chatzitzah).

(f)

Question: What kind of threads [on the neck] does he exclude?

1.

They cannot be wool - the first Tana says that something soft (wool) tied on something hard (the hair on her head) is a Chatzitzah, all the more so soft on soft (the neck) is a Chatzitzah (for it can be tied more tightly)!

(g)

Answer #1: They are linen.

(h)

Rejection: The first Tana says that hard (linen) on hard is a Chatzitzah, all the more so hard on soft!

(i)

Answer #2: [They can be any material -] threads on the neck are not a Chatzitzah because a woman does not tie them tightly, lest she choke herself.

(j)

Question (Abaye - Beraisa): Girls may go out with strings in their [pierced] ears (to prevent the holes from closing), but not with Chavakin (bands) wrapped around their necks.

1.

If a woman does not tie tightly around her neck, Chavakin should be permitted!

(k)

Answer (Ravina): The Beraisa discusses [thick] Katla'os tied tightly to make her neck look stout (since they are thick, they do not choke her. Tosfos - Katla of the Mishnah is loose, one may not go out with it lest she remove it to show to friends and carry it.)

57b----------------------------------------57b

(l)

(Beraisa - R. Yehudah): [Threads of] wool or hair are not a Chatzitzah, because water goes through them.

(m)

(Rav Yosef): The Halachah follows R. Yehudah regarding threads of hair.

(n)

Objection (Abaye): This implies that Chachamim argue about threads of hair (but we have no source to say this)!

1.

Suggestion: We must say that the first Tana also discussed threads of hair, for otherwise R. Yehudah would not have discussed them!

2.

Rejection: Perhaps R. Yehudah says, just like you agree with me that threads of hair are not a Chatzitzah, you should agree that threads of wool are not a Chatzitzah!

(o)

(Rav Nachman): Chachamim agree that threads of hair are not a Chatzitzah.

(p)

Support (Beraisa): Threads of wool are a Chatzitzah, threads of hair are not a Chatzitzah;

(q)

R. Yehudah says, neither of these is a Chatzitzah.

(r)

(Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak): We can also derive this from a Mishnah (64B):

1.

(Mishnah): A woman may go out with threads of hair, whether they are hers or of someone else.

2.

Question: Who is the Tana of the Mishnah?

3.

It is not R. Yehudah - he permits even threads of wool (a bigger Chidush, he would have taught this)!

4.

Answer: It is Chachamim - this shows that they agree about threads of hair.

3)

WEARING ADORNMENTS OF THE HEAD ON SHABBOS

(a)

(Mishnah): She may not go out with Totefes.

(b)

Question: What is Totefes?

(c)

Answer #1 (Rav Yosef): It is a Kesher (spices wrapped together; alternatively, pearls) worn around the neck to counter Ayin Ra'ah.

(d)

Objection (Abaye): If so, it should be permitted, like a Kemi'a!

(e)

Answer #2 (Rav Yehudah): It is an ornament worn on the forehead.

(f)

Support (Beraisa): A woman may go out with a golden headdress, and with Totefes or Sarbitin fixed in it. (The Kesher for Ayin Ra'ah is not usually put in the headdress (Tosfos ha'Rosh) - we cannot support Rav Yehudah from [the following] Amora'im, the support must be from the Beraisa itself.)

(g)

(R. Avahu): Totefes goes from one ear to the other, Sarbitin reaches until the jaws.

(h)

(Rav Huna): Poor girls make them from colored strings (Tosfos ha'Rosh - nevertheless, we are concerned lest they remove them to show friends), rich girls make them from silver or gold.

(i)

(Mishnah): She may not go out [to Reshus ha'Rabim] with Kavul (this can refer to a sign showing that the wearer is a slave, or to a woolen cap worn for a Tachshit under her headdress).

(j)

Question (R. Yanai): Does the Mishnah discuss a signet [of slavery] - but one may wear a cap in Reshus ha'Rabim (she is unlikely to remove it, lest her hair will be exposed);

1.

Or, does it forbid a cap, and all the more so a signet (she might remove it to avoid publicizing that she is a slave)!

(k)

Answer #1 (R. Avahu): Presumably, it discusses a cap.

(l)

Support (Beraisa): A woman may go out with a Kavul or Istama (this will be defined) in a Chatzer;

1.

R. Shimon ben Elazar permits to go out to Reshus ha'Rabim with a Kavul.

2.

R. Shimon ben Elazar says, the general rule is - she may go out with anything under the headdress, not with something over the headdress.

(m)

Question: What is Istama?

(n)

Answer (R. Avahu): It is Bizyoni.

(o)

Question: What is Bizyoni?

(p)

Answer (Abaye): It is felt used to tie down hairs that leave the headdress (Rashi; Aruch - to tie down the apparel on her head; alternatively, they are strings to deter flies).

(q)

(Beraisa): Three Halachos were taught regarding Istama:

1.

Sha'atnez does not apply to it; (Rashi - for felt is not spun. Tosfos - mid'Rabanan, Sha'atnez applies to felt, for the wool and linen were each Shu'a (combed) - Chachamim did not forbid Istama, for it is hard and does not give warmth. Ramban - it is not worn for the sake of a garment, only for a Tachshit.)

2.

Tzara'as does not apply to it (for it is not considered a garment. Ramban - no Tum'ah applies to it; Tosfos - it is Mekabel other Tum'os);

3.

One may not go out with it to Reshus ha'Rabim;

4.

R. Shimon adds a fourth Halachah - the decree against crowns of brides [to limit Simchah after the Churban] does not apply to it.

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