(Beraisa - R. Shimon): At first, they used to call them gatherers of Shevi'is. After Anasim became rampant, they called them Socharei Shemitah.

R. Yudan says, when is this? It is if he has no other [profession]. If he has another profession, he is Kosher.

How we know that [whether or not he has another profession]? If he is idle all years of the Shemitah cycle, and once the seventh year comes, he begins doing business with Peros Shemitah, if he has another profession, he is Kosher. If not, he is Pasul;

However, if he engaged in work all years of the Shemitah cycle, and once Shevi'is came, he began doing business with Peros Shemitah, even if he has no other profession [in Shemitah], he is Kosher.

(R. Ba bar Zavda citing R. Avahu citing R. Elazar): The Halachah follows R. Yehudah of the Beraisa.

[R. Ba] was praised for saying a teaching in the name of someone (R. Avahu) smaller than himself.

R. Chiyah taught stringently [R. Yehudah's distinction] "how we know?" If he engaged in work all years of the Shemitah cycle, and once Shevi'is came, he began doing business with Peros Shemitah, even if he has another profession, he is Pasul;

Question: Was it not in this case that R. Ba bar Zavda cited R. Avahu citing R. Elazar, that the Halachah follows R. Yehudah of the Beraisa. There, R. Ba said a teaching in the name of someone smaller than himself [and was praised for this. This shows that the Halachah follows him.] If so, also here! (Pnei Moshe - this question was asked in Shevi'is. At a time of Ones, Chachamim permitted to plow once in Shevi'is and plant in order to pay the king's tax. A fine was levied against one who plowed twice. According to R. Chiyah, we should fine even one who plowed once!)

Answer (R. Yosi bar Bun): [R. Chiyah] discusses when the kingdom does not force [to pay a tax]. Here (we fine only one who plowed twice) is when the kingdom forces.

Initially, when the kingdom forced, R. Yanai ruled that people may plow once.

An apostate to serve idolatry passed by in Shemitah and saw Yisraelim making piles. He said "is this right, that you may do so? May you make piles?!" (Based on Aruch ha'Shalem, cited in Chomas Yerushalayim and Alei Tamar.)

Question (R. Yakov bar Zavdi, to R. Avahu): Didn't Ze'ira and R. Yochanan say in the name of R. Yanai, and R. Yirmeyah cited R. Yochanan in the name of R. Shimon ben Yehotzadak, that for the entire Torah, if a Nochri tells a Yisrael to transgress one of the Mitzvos in the Torah, except for idolatry, Arayos or murder, he transgresses, and he is not killed...

This is when he is alone, but if it is b'Rabim, even for a small Mitzvah, he does not heed him [to transgress], like Papus and Lulainus his brother. They gave to them water to drink in a colored glass Kli (KORBAN HA'EDAH), and they did not accept (they forfeited their lives. Why did R. Yanai permit plowing in Shemitah?)

Answer (R. Avahu): [The kingdom] does not intend that we abandon Torah, rather, to collect the tax.

Question: What is considered b'Rabim?

Answer (Rabanan of Kisarin): It is 10, for it says "v'Nikdashti b'Soch Bnei Yisrael."

R. Bina Ze'ira, they saw him making a donkey work on Shabbos (they forced him to do so).

R. Yonah and R. Yosi ruled that people should bake on Shabbos for the troop leader.

Question (R. Mana, to R. Yonah Aba): Didn't R. Ze'ira and R. Yochanan say in the name of R. Yanai, and R. Yirmeyah cited R. Yochanan in the name of R. Shimon ben Yehotzadak, that they voted in the upper story in Beis Nitzeh (that if a Nochri tells a Yisrael to transgress... b'Rabim, he must be killed, and not transgress)!

Answer (R. Yonah Aba): He does not intend that we abandon Torah, rather, to eat warm bread.

Question: What is considered b'Rabim?

Answer (Rabanan of Kisarin): It is 10, for it says "v'Nikdashti b'Soch Bnei Yisrael."

Question (R. Avuna, to R. Ami): Are Nochrim commanded about Kidush Hash-m?

Answer (R. Ami): "V'Nikdashti b'Soch Bnei Yisrael" - Yisrael are commanded about Kidush Hash-m. Nochrim are not commanded about Kidush Hash-m.

(R. Nisi citing R. Lazar): We learn this from "la'Davar ha'Zeh Yislach Hash-m l'Avdecha..." (Na'aman accepted not to serve idolatry, and he told Elisha that his master will lean on him when he bows to idolatry, and Elisha condoned this.) This shows that Yisrael are commanded about Kidush Hash-m, but Nochrim are not commanded about Kidush Hash-m.)

R. Ba bar Zamina was sewing clothes in a Nochri's house in Romi. [The Nochri] brought to him a Neveilah and said "eat!" He said "I will not eat." He said "eat, for if not, I will kill you!" He said "if you want to kill, kill. I will not eat Neveilah."

The Nochri: Who informed you that had you eaten, I would have killed you? [I hold that] a Yisrael [must fulfill obligations of] a Yisrael; a Nochri [must conduct like] a Nochri.

R. Mana: Had R. Ba bar Zamina heard Rabanan's teaching (that for other Mitzvos, not in public he transgresses, and he is not killed) he would have eaten.

Question: (A Mishnah (Shevi'is 4:2) says that if a field was Nitaivah, i.e. plowed twice in Shevi'is, one may not seed it in Motza'ei Shevi'is.) If it was Nitaivah nowadays [that Shemitah is mid'Rabanan], what is the law? (We explain like Ridvaz.)

Answer #1 (R. Yirmeyah): The law [Shemitah mid'Oraisa] is Batel. The decree [to forbid in Motza'ei Shevi'is] is Batel.

Answer #2 (R. Yosi): The decree is in force until another Beis Din nullifies it.

[They argue] similarly about when one acquires his Peros in Shevi'is [nowadays that it is mid'Rabanan]. R. Yirmeyah says, it is from when he puts them in his Kli (since they are Hefker only mid'Rabanan, he acquires them);

R. Yosi says, even if he puts them in his Kli he did not acquire. He thinks that they are his, and they are not his.

R. Mana, when a Nochri official came to Tzipori, ruled that bakers should bring bread out in the market to sell (due to Ones).

Rabanan of Danuha ruled [that bakers should bake] Chametz during Pesach (due to Ones).

(R. Yosi bei R. Bun): [When Nebuchadnetzar told Chananyah, Misha'el and Azaryah to bow to the image, they said] "Ani Pi Melech Shemor" - I will guard the [words of] the mouth of the King, the King of kings, who commanded me at Sinai "Anochi Hash-m Elokecha";

"V'Al Divras" refers to "Lo Yihyeh Lecha Elohim Acherim Al Panai"; "Shevu'as Elokim" refers to "Lo Sisa Es Shem Hash-m Elokecha l'Shav."

'Kad Kad ha'Zeh Navo (these letters allude to Nebuchadnetzar)' - that man and a dog are the same. (For other things you are king, e.g. taxes, but for this, you are like an empty Kli that makes a big noise, and like a dog that barks; we do not heed you.)

(Rav Yehudah citing Rav): The Halachah follows R. Yehudah (if he has another profession, he is Kosher).