Sanhedrin Chart #7
Chart for Sanhedrin Daf 53b-54a
HOW TO LEARN THE VERSES THAT TEACH THE WARNING (AZHARAH) AND PUNISHMENT (ONESH) OF THE ISUR OF "ESHES AV" (ACCORDING TO RAVA)
| (A) REBBI YEHUDAH |
(B) RABANAN |
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| THE FIRST VERSE OF AZHARAH: VAYIKRA 18:6 |
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| 1) | ERVAS AVICHA | His father's wife (even if she is also his mother) |
His father |
| 2) | V'ERVAS IMCHA LO SEGALEH | His mother, who is not his father's wife | His mother, who is not his father's wife |
| 3) | *IMCHA HI* LO SEGALEH ERVASAH | For sinning with his mother, he is not Chayav also for Eshes Av (his father's wife) | Sinning with his mother is equated with sinning with his father's wife, with regard to Sekilah |
| THE SECOND VERSE OF AZHARAH: VAYIKRA 18:7 |
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| 4) | ERVAS ESHES AVICHA LO SEGALEH | His father's wife is prohibited to him even after his father's death | His father's wife (even if she is also his mother) |
| 5) | ERVAS AVICHA HI | For sinning with his father's wife, he is not Chayav also for Eshes Ish |
His father's wife is prohibited to him even after his father's death |
| THE ONESH: VAYIKRA 20:1 |
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| 6) | V'ISH ASHER YISHKAV ES ESHES AVIV | His father's wife (even if she is also his mother) |
His father's wife (even if she is also his mother) |
| 7) | ERVAS AVIV GILAH | Gezeirah Shavah |
He is punished for sinning with his father's wife even after his father's death |
Sanhedrin Chart #8
Chart for Sanhedrin Daf 54b
THE SOURCES FOR THE WARNINGS (AZHAROS) FOR A MAN WHO IS "SHOCHEV" OR "NISHKAV" WITH ANOTHER MAN, AND FOR A PERSON WHO IS "SHOCHEV" OR "NISHKAV" WITH AN ANIMAL
| (A) THE AZHARAH, ACCORDING TO REBBI AKIVA |
(B) THE AZHARAH, ACCORDING TO REBBI YISHMAEL |
(C) THE ONESH |
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| A MAN | ||||
| 1) | SHOCHEV | Lo Sishkav (Vayikra 18:22) |
Lo Sishkav | Asher Yishkav Es Zachar (Vayikra 20:13) |
| 2) | NISHKAV | Lo Sishkav |
Lo Yiheyeh Kadesh (Devarim 23:18) |
Asher Yishkav Es Zachar |
| AN ANIMAL | ||||
| 3) | SHOCHEV | Lo Siten Shechavtecha (Vayikra 18:23) |
Lo Siten Shechavtecha | Asher Yiten Shechavto bi'Vhemah (Vayikra 20:15) |
| 4) | NISHKAV |
Lo Siten Shechavtecha |
R. Avahu: Lo Yiheyeh Kadesh Abaye: a Hekesh to Shochev |
Kol Shochev Im Behemah(11) (Shemos 22:18) |
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FOOTNOTES:
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(1) That is to say, this verse implies that one is Chayav for Eshes Av when he sins with his mother who is also his father's wife (as opposed to an "Anusah"). However, when the next verse says "Imcha Hi," it excludes this possibility (and one is only Chayav for Eshes Av; see 3:A).
(2) According to the Rabanan, the verse makes a person who sins with his father Chayav for two transgressions -- one for "Mishkav Zachor," and one for "Aviv." (The verse in Vayikra 18:14 teaches something similar: one is Chayav for two transgressions for sinning with the brother of one's father. Rebbi Yehudah learns from that verse that one is also Chayav for two transgressions for sinning with his father, because he maintains that "Onshin Min ha'Din" and we can learn a Chiyuv Chatas from a Kal v'Chomer.)
(3) This is the Derashah of Rav Shisha brei d'Rav Idi. The Rabanan are not able to use this verse to exclude from the Isur of Eshes Av one who sins with one's mother who is not the wife of his father. This is because, according to the Rabanan's own view, the verse has not yet mentioned the Isur of Eshes Av (RASHI 53b, DH Ela Amar Rava; see Insights). Rebbi Yehudah learns the Onesh for sinning with his mother when she was not his father's wife, from a Gezeirah Shavah (see 7:A).
(4) Even though in the Mishnah Rebbi Yehudah does not argue in this regard with the Tana Kama (53a), he does argue in the Beraisa (54a).
(5) Rebbi Yehudah learns from here the Onesh for one who sins with his mother who is not his father's wife (for which we learn the Azharah from 2:A). He also learns from here the Onesh for one who sins with his father's wife after the death of his father (for which we learn the Azharah from 4:A). (The Rabanan learn the Onesh for one who sins with his mother who is not his father's wife from 3:B, and the Onesh for one who sins with his father's wife after the death of his father from this verse itself, but as a Ribuy and not as a Gezeirah Shavah.)
(6) This is derived from vowelizing the word "Sishkav" differently and reading it, "Lo Sishachev."
(7) This is derived from vowelizing the word "Shechavtecha" differently and reading it, "Shechivascha."
(8) The verse links Nishkav to Shochev by referring to Nishkav as "Shochev" in Shemos 22:18.
(9) This refers to the Nishkav as well, because it says "Mos Yumsu," in the plural form.
(10) We refer here to a man who was Nishkav with an animal (RASHI). The verses cited here are not needed to teach the Azharah and Onesh of a woman who was Nishkav with an animal, because there are other verses which state explicitly, "And you shall put to death the woman and the animal" (Vayikra 20:16), teaching the Onesh for a woman who is Nishkav with an animal, and, "A woman shall not stand before an animal to mate with it" (Vayikra 18:23), teaching the Azharah.