[74a - 48 lines; 74b - 29 lines]
1)[line 1]במפותהMEFUTAH- one who was seduced [and is therefore not eligible to be saved]
2)[line 2]ביכול להציל באחד מאבריוYACHOL L'HATZIL B'ECHAD ME'EVARAV- he is able to save [her from the attempted rape] by [wounding] one of the limbs [of the attempted rapist instead of killing him]
3)[line 5]נהרג עליוNEHERAG ALAV- he [can] receive the death penalty for [murdering the Rodef]
4)[line 7]"וְכִי יִנָּצוּ אֲנָשִׁים, וְנָגְפוּ אִשָּׁה הָרָה וְיָצְאוּ יְלָדֶיהָ וְלֹא יִהְיֶה אָסוֹן; עָנוֹשׁ יֵעָנֵשׁ כַּאֲשֶׁר יָשִׁית עָלָיו בַּעַל הָאִשָּׁה, וְנָתַן בִּפְלִלִים. וְאִם אָסוֹן יִהְיֶה, וְנָתַתָּה נֶפֶשׁ תַּחַת נָפֶשׁ""V'CHI YINATZU ANASHIM V'NAGFU ISHAH HARAH V'YATZ'U YELADEHA V'LO YIHEYEH ASON, ANOSH YE'ANESH... V'IM ASON YIHEYEH, V'NASATA NEFESH TACHAS NAFESH"- "And if men should fight and they hit a woman and she miscarries and she does not die, he shall be penalized according to the demands of the woman's husband, and he shall pay the amount decided by the judges. And if death occurred, he shall pay a soul for a soul" (Shemos 21:22-23). These verses clearly imply that Beis Din cannot demand monetary payment from one who has at the same time incurred a death penalty; they are the source for the rule "Kam Lei bid'Rabah Minei" (see Background to 72:9).
5)[line 8]במצות שבמיתה הכתוב מדברB'MATZEVES SHEB'MISAH HA'CHASUV MEDABER- the Torah is discussing a case in which his intention is to murder [the man with whom he is fighting, in which case he can be killed as a Rodef]
6)[line 14]היכי משכחת לה דיענש?HEICHI MISHKACHAS LAH D'YE'ANESH?- how is it possible that he should be penalized [with a monetary payment]? [Since it was Halachically permissible for any bystander to kill him at that moment, Kam Lei bid'Rabah Minei should apply!]
7)[line 15]דמיתה לזה ותשלומין לזהMISAH LA'ZEH V'TASHLUMIN LA'ZEH- he is liable to the death penalty due to this one (namely, the Nirdaf) and is obligated in remuneration to that one (namely, the woman's husband)
8)[line 15]לא שנאLO SHENA - it makes no difference [whether he is liable to the death penalty due to the one whom he owes money to or anybody else; either way, he is exempt from payment]
9) [line 17] מתחייב בנפשו הוא MISCHAYEV B'NAFSHO HU - it is Halachically permissible to kill him [at that time, and therefore Kam Lei bid'Rabah Minei applies]. Since the Rodef is exempt from paying for even those items that do not belong to the Nirdaf, it is clear that the argument of "Misah la'Zeh v'Tashlumin la'Zeh" is not a reason to obligate him.
10) [line 18] שלא יהא ממונו חביב עליו מגופו SHE'LO YEHEI MAMONO CHAVIV ALAV MI'GUFO - so that his money should not be more precious to him than his life; i.e., if the Nirdaf may kill the Rodef in order to save himself, then he may certainly destroy his property!
11)[line 21]ולא מן הדיןLO MIN HA'DIN- it is not according to the letter of Torah law [that he is exempt from repaying others whose property he damaged in his attempt to save the Nirdaf]
12)[line 26]כאבוהAVUHA- his father [Rebbi Shimon ben Yochai]
13)[line 27]נימנו וגמרו בעליית בית נתזה בלודNIMNU V'GAMRU BA'ALIYAS BEIS NIT'ZEH B'LOD- they counted [among themselves] and concluded in the second story of the house of Nit'zeh (the name of a person) in Lod
14)[line 28]עבור ואל תהרגAVOR V'AL TEHAREG- transgress [this sin] and you will not be killed
15)[line 31]"[וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם אֶת חֻקֹּתַי וְאֶת מִשְׁפָּטַי...] וָחַי בָּהֶם...""[U'SHMARTEM ES CHUKOSAI V'ES MISHPATAI...] VA'CHAI BA'HEM..."- "[And you shall guard My statutes and My laws...] and live through them..." (Vayikra 18:5).
16)[line 32]בפרהסיאB'FARHESYA- in public. The Gemara (74b) defines this term.
17)[line 32]"וְלֹא תְחַלְּלוּ אֶת שֵׁם קָדְשִׁי, וְנִקְדַּשְׁתִּי בְּתוֹךְ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל; [אֲנִי ה' מְקַדִּשְׁכֶם]""V'LO SECHALELU ES SHEM KODSHI, V'NIKDASHTI B'SOCH BNEI YISRAEL; [ANI HASH-M MEKADISHCHEM]"- "And do not profane My holy name, and sanctify Me in the midst of Bnei Yisrael; [I am HaSh-m Who sanctifies you]" (Vayikra 22:32).
18)[line 32]אינהוINHU- (the Gemara answers) he (namely, Rebbi Yochanan Shimon ben Yehotzadak)
19)[line 33]"וְאָהַבְתָּ אֵת ה' אֱ-לֹקֶיךָ, בְּכָל לְבָבְךָ, וּבְכָל נַפְשְׁךָ, וּבְכָל מְאֹדֶךָ""V'AHAVTA ES HASH-M EL-KECHA, B'CHOL LEVAVECHA, UV'CHOL NAFSHECHA, UV'CHOL ME'ODECHA"- "And you shall love HaSh-m your G-d with all of your heart, all of your soul, and all of your might" (Devarim 6:5). Rebbi Eliezer interprets loving HaSh-m as not turning to idol worship. To love HaSh-m with all of one's soul means that one is willing to give up his life if necessary to avoid transgressing this sin, while to love HaSh m with all of one's might means that one is willing to give up all his money in order to escape idolatry.
20)[line 37]"כִּי כַּאֲשֶׁר יָקוּם אִישׁ עַל רֵעֵהוּ וּרְצָחוֹ נֶפֶשׁ, כֵּן הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה""KI KA'ASHER YAKUM ISH AL RE'EHU U'RTZACHO NEFESH, KEN HA'DAVAR HA'ZEH"- "... for as a man stands against his fellow and murders him, so is this matter" (Devarim 22:26). This verse, according to its simple meaning, comes to explain why a woman who was raped in a place where she was unable to cry out for help is exempt from punishment.
21)[line 39]מעתהME'ATAH- at this point [we can conclude]
22)[line 39]הרי זה בא ללמד ונמצא למדHAREI ZEH BA L'LAMED V'NIMTZA LAMED- this ostensibly comes to teach but ends up being the subject of a lesson
23)[line 43]מרי דוראיMAREI DURA'I- the master of my city
24)[line 43]זיל קטליה לפלניאZIL KATLEI L'FELANYA- go and kill so-and-so (who is Jewish)
25)[line 44]לקטלוך ולא תיקטולLIKTELUCH V'LO TIKTOL - allow yourself to be killed rather than commit murder
26) [line 44] מי יימר דדמא דידך סומק טפי? דילמא דמא דהוא גברא סומק טפי! MI YEIMAR D'DAMA DIDACH SUMAK TFEI? DILMA DAMA D'HA'HU GAVRA SUMAK TFEI! - who is to say that your blood is redder? Perhaps that man's blood is redder! HaSh-m taught in the Torah that a Jewish life is more precious to Him than the observance of a commandment. In this case, however, a Jewish life will be lost in any event. Therefore, there is no allowance to transgress the injunction against murder.
27) [line 45] לא שנו LO SHANU - we did not learn [that it is permitted to transgress in order to stay alive]
28)[line 45]בשעת (גזרת המלכות) [השמד]SHA'AS (GEZEIRAS HA'MALCHUS) [HA'SHMAD]- a period of (a royal decree) [a decree against the observance of Judaism]. Christian censors changed this Girsa from the original.
29)[line 46]מצוה קלהMITZVAH KALAH- a light Mitzvah (the Gemara soon defines this term)
74b----------------------------------------74b
30)[line 1]לשנויי ערקתא דמסאנאL'SHANUYEI ARAKSA D'MESANA- (a) to change the straps of their sandals [to a less modest style]. Even though this is merely a custom, one would be obligated to give up his life rather than transgress it under the right circumstances (RASHI); (b) to change [the color of] their sandal straps [from white to black] (TOSFOS DH Afilu); (c) to change [the color of] their sandal straps [from black to white] (ARUCH Erech Arka); (d) according to the Girsa "AFILU ARAKSA D'MESANA" - [to crouch in order to tie] one's sandal [straps in front of an idol, appearing as if he was bowing to the idol]. This is forbidden mid'Rabanan (SHE'ILTOS).
31)[line 3]פשיטאPESHITA- [the following] is clear
32)[line 7]אתיא "תוך" "תוך"ASYA "TOCH" "TOCH" - It is derived from a Gezeirah Shavah equating the words "Toch" (GEZEIRAH SHAVAH)
See Background to Sanhedrin 73:31.
33)[line 9]"הִבָּדְלוּ מִתּוֹךְ הָעֵדָה הַזֹּאת, [וַאֲכַלֶּה אֹתָם כְּרָגַע]""HIBADLU MI'TOCH HA'EDAH HA'ZOS, [VA'ACHELEH OSAM K'RAGA]" - "Draw back from the midst of this congregation, [and I will consume them in a moment]" (Bamidbar 27:21). In this verse, HaSh-m addresses Moshe Rabeinu regarding Korach and his supporters.
34) [line 10] מה להלן עשרה? MAH L'HALAN ASARAH - As the GILYON points out, there are words missing from our Gemara. These words appear in the identical Gemara in Megilah (23b), and they derive another Gezeirah Shavah utilizing the word "Edah." This Gezeirah Shavah teaches that "Edah" refers to a group of ten, since HaSh-m referred to the twelve spies - minus Yehoshua and Kalev - as an "Edah Ra'ah" (Bamidbar 14:27). See also RASHI.
35) [line 11] אסתר ESTHER - Queen Esther [who had relations with a Nochri - King Achashverosh - instead of refusing and being martyred]
36)[line 12]קרקע עולם היתהKARKA OLAM HAYESAH- she was the earth; i.e., she was utterly passive, and was not actively involved in relations with Achashverosh
37)[line 13]הנאת עצמן שאניHANA'AS ATZMAN SHANI- [the Halachah] is different [when Nochrim act] solely for their own benefit
38)[line 14]קוואקי ודימוניקיKEVAKEI V'DIMONIKEI- large copper vessels that function as heaters when filled with coals
39)[line 14]היכי יהבינן להו?HEICHI YAHAVINAN LEHU?- how do we give [coals to Nochrim to fill such vessels when they demand that everybody contribute to heat the holiday celebrations of their idols]?
40)[line 17]קטול אספסתא בשבתא ושדי לחיותאKETOL ASPASTA B'SHABATA V'SHADI L'CHIYUSA'I- uproot wheatgrass on Shabbos and throw it to my animal
41)[line 19]ליקטיל ולא לקטליהLIKTIL V'LO LIKTELEI- he should uproot and not be killed
42)[line 19]שדי לנהראSHADI L'NAHARA- throw it into the river
43)[line 20]ליקטליה ולא ליקטולLIKTELEI V'LO LIKTOL- he should be killed and not uproot [if it is in public or the time of a decree against the observance of Judaism]
44)[line 20]לעבורי מילתא קא בעיLA'VUREI MILSA KA BA'I- he wishes to cause him to transgress
45)[line 21]בן נח מצווה על קדושת השם...?BEN NO'ACH METZUVEH AL KEDUSHAS HASH-M...?- is a Nochri commanded to sanctify the name of HaSh-m [if he is ordered to worship Avodah Zarah upon the pain of death]...? The prohibition against idol worship is one of the seven Mitzvos in which Nochrim are commanded (56a).
46)[line 24]ואם איתא, תמני הויין!IM ISA, TAMNEI HAVYAN!- if it were [so that a Nochri was commanded in Kiddush HaSh-m], there would be eight!
47)[line 25]אינהו וכל אבזרייהוINHU V'CHOL ABIZRAIHU- [it could be that a Nochri is commanded in Kiddush HaSh-m, and the seven Mitzvos of Bnei Noach include the Mitzvos] themselves and all matters that pertain to them
48)[line 25]מאי הוי עלה?MAI HEVEI ALAH?- what is the final ruling [regarding whether or not a Nochri is commanded in Kiddush HaSh-m]?
49)[line 26]"לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה יִסְלַח ה' לְעַבְדֶּךָ; בְּבוֹא אֲדֹנִי בֵית רִמּוֹן לְהִשְׁתַּחֲות שָׁמָּה, וְהוּא נִשְׁעָן עַל יָדִי, וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֵיתִי [בֵּית רִמֹּן; בְּהִשְׁתַּחֲוָיָתִי בֵּית רִמֹּן, יִסְלַח (נא כ') ה' לְעַבְדְּךָ בַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה]. וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ, 'לֵךְ לְשָׁלוֹם'...""LA'DAVAR HA'ZEH YISLACH HASH-M L'AVDECHA... VA'YOMER LO, 'LECH L'SHALOM" - "Regarding this matter may HaSh-m forgive your servant: When my master (the King of Aram) comes to Beis Rimon to prostrate himself there, and he supports himself upon me, I [must also] prostrate myself [in Beis Rimon; when I prostrate myself in Beis Rimon; may HaSh-m forgive your servant in this matter]. And [Elisha] said to [Na'aman], 'Go in peace..." (Melachim II 5:18-19) (THE EPISODE OF ELISHA AND NA'AMAN)
(a)Elisha was a great prophet and was well-known as a worker of miracles. Na'aman, general of the Aramean armies, suffered from Tzara'as. His Jewish maidservant convinced him to seek the help of Elisha to cure him of his disease. He hesitantly agreed, and to his surprise Elisha cured him completely. Overcome with gratitude, he offered great sums of money as a tribute to Elisha. Elisha refused to accept anything, preferring not to diminish the honor of HaSh-m by accepting a gift. Na'aman was so impressed by this man of G-d that he accepted upon himself to no longer worship idols (Melachim II 5:1-19).
(b)Before accepting the Mitzvah upon himself, Na'aman added one caveat. "Regarding this matter may HaSh-m forgive your servant: When my master (the King of Aram) comes to Beis Rimon (a temple to an idol) to prostrate himself there, and he supports himself upon me, I [must also] prostrate myself in Beis Rimon; when I prostrate myself in Beis Rimon; may HaSh-m forgive your servant in this matter. And [Elisha] said to [Na'aman], 'Go in peace..." (Melachim II 5:18-19).