Question (Rav Yosef): If a Tamei Mes ate Eimurim of Pesach ha'Ba b'Tumah, what is the law? (Surely he is liable for "V'Chol Zar Lo Yochal Kodesh" - even Kohanim are called Zarim regarding Eimurim (they may not eat them) - is he also liable for eating Kodshim while Tamei?)

Since he is permitted to eat the meat of Pesach b'Tum'ah, the same applies to the Eimurim;

Or, perhaps the Heter applies only to the meat!

Answer (Rava): We learn about Tum'as Eimurim from Tum'as Basar:

"[Veha'Nefesh Asher Tochal Basar] ...Asher la'Shem" includes Eimurim.

One is liable for eating Eimurim b'Tum'ah only when he is liable for eating the meat b'Tum'ah.

Question (R. Zeira): Where were Eimurim of Pesach Mitzrayim burned (there was no Mizbe'ach!)?

Answer (Abaye): Presumably, they were roasted on a spit [and eaten - there was no Isur to eat them. See note in Appendix].

Support: Rav Yosef taught that there were three [places that served as] Mizbechos - the lintel and the two doorposts;

There was no other [for Haktaras Eimurim]!

(Mishnah) Question: What differences are there between Pesach Mitzrayim and Pesach Doros (all future Pesachim)?

Answer: One had to buy Pesach Mitzrayim on the tenth of Nisan; a bundle of hyssop was used to sprinkle the blood on the lintel and the two doorposts; it was eaten hastily in one night; and Pesach Doros is for seven days (this will be explained).

(Gemara) Question: What is the source [of the first law]?

Answer: "...Be'Asor la'Chodesh ha'Zeh va'Yikchu" - Pesach Mitzrayim must be bought on the tenth; Pesach Doros need not be.

Question: It also says "V'Hayah Lachem l'Mishmeres Ad Arba'ah Asar Yom la'Chodesh ha'Zeh" - you cannot say that only Pesach Mitzrayim must be checked [for blemishes] for four days!

(Beraisa - Ben Bag Bag) Question: What is the source that the Tamid must be checked four days before it is slaughtered?

Answer: We learn from a Gezeirah Shavah - it says [regarding the Tamid] "Tishmeru l'Hakriv Li b'Mo'ado," and it says, "v'Hayah Lachem l'Mishmeres Ad Arba'ah Asar" - just like Pesach must be checked for four days before slaughter, also the Tamid.

Answer: There is different, for it says "Tishmeru" (we learn from a Gezerah Shavah).

Also, regarding Pesach Doros [four days are needed, for] it says "V'Ovadta Es ha'Avodah ha'Zos ba'Chodesh ha'Zeh" - this equates all Avodos of Nisan (Pesach Mitzrayim and Pesach Doros).

Rather, that 'ha'Zeh' [in "V'Hayah Lachem l'Mishmeres..."] excludes Pesach Sheni (it need not be checked for four days).

Question: It says "V'Ochlu Es ha'Basar ba'Laylah ha'Zeh" - you cannot say that only Pesach Mitzrayim is eaten at night!

Answer: "V'Ovadta Es ha'Avodah..." [equates Pesach Mitzrayim and Pesach Doros].

Question: What do we learn from "ha'Zeh" [in "V'Ochlu Es ha'Basar..."]?

Answer: It teaches like R. Elazar ben Azaryah [that Pesach must be eaten before midnight] or like R. Akiva [that it is not eaten for two nights and a day - Berachos 9A].

Question: It says "V'Chol Arel Lo Yochal Bo" - will you say that this excludes Pesach Doros?!

Answer: It says "V'Ovadta."

Question: What do we learn from "Bo"?

Answer: An Arel may not eat Pesach, but he eats Matzah and Maror.

Question: It says "Kol Ben Nechar (an apostate) Lo Yochal Bo" - will you say that this excludes Pesach Doros?!

Answer: It says "V'Ovadta."

Question: What do we learn from "Bo"?

Answer: A Ben Nechar may not eat Pesach, but he may eat Terumah (some texts - but he eats Matzah and Maror [i.e. if he repents at night] - Tosfos Yevamos 71A (Bo)).

The Torah needed to write both of these:

Had it said only Arel, we would have thought that he does not eat [Pesach] because he is repulsive, but a Ben Nechar may eat;

Had it said only Ben Nechar, we would have thought that he may not eat because he does not intend to serve Hash-m, but an Arel may eat (e.g. if he does not circumcise on account of danger, e.g. his brothers died through circumcision).

Question: It says "Toshav v'Sachir (a Ger Toshav or Nochri) Lo Yochal Bo" - will you say that this excludes Pesach Doros?! (See note in Appendix.)

Answer: It says "V'Ovadta."

Question: What do we learn from "Bo"?

Apostasy disqualifies from eating Pesach, but it does not disqualify from Terumah.

Question: It says "U'Maltah Oso Az Yochal Bo" (one who bought an Arel slave for to be an Eved Kena'ani may not eat Pesach until he circumcises him) - will you say that this excludes Pesach Doros?!

Answer: It says "V'Ovadta."

Question: What do we learn from "Bo"?

Answer: If Reuven did not circumcise his sons and slaves he is disqualified from Pesach, but not from Terumah.

Question: It says "V'Etzem Lo Sishberu Vo" - will you say that this excludes Pesach Doros?!

Answer: It says "V'Ovadta."

Question: What do we learn from "Vo"?

Answer: It is Asur to break bones of a Kosher Pesach, but not of a Pasul Pesach.

Question: It says "Al Tochlu Mimenu Na"- will you say that this excludes Pesach Doros?!

Answer: It says "V'Ovadta."

Question: What do we learn from "Mimenu"?

Answer: This teaches like Rava (it is used for a Gezeirah Shavah forbidding an Arel to eat Ma'aser Sheni).

(Mishnah): It was eaten hastily in one night.

Question: What is the source of this?

Answer: "Va'Achaltem Oso b'Chipazon" - only it is eaten hastily.

(Mishnah): Pesach Doros is for seven days.

Question: What does this refer to?

It cannot refer to Korban Pesach - it does not apply for seven days!

Answer #1: It refers to [the Isur of] Chametz.

Objection: This implies that the Isur Chametz in Mitzrayim was only one night - but this is not so!

(Beraisa - R. Yosi ha'Gelili) Question: What is the source that Chametz was forbidden only one [full] day during Pesach Mitzrayim?

Answer: It says "V'Lo Ye'achel Chametz; Ha'Yom Atem Yotz'im."

Answer #2: The Mishnah means as follows:

Pesach Mitzrayim was eaten in one night - the same applies to Pesach Doros;

The Isur Chametz of Pesach Mitzrayim was one day, but that of Pesach Doros is seven days.

(Mishnah - R. Yehoshua): Sometimes Temurah (see note in Appendix) of a Pesach is offered, sometimes it is not - I do not know when it is offered.

R. Akiva: If a Pesach was [lost, and] found [after another animal was Hukdash in place of it]:

If it was found before slaughter of Pesach (its replacement), it is Ro'eh (grazes) until it gets a Mum, then it is redeemed and Shelamim is bought with the money - [if one made Temurah on it,] the same applies to its Temurah;

If it was found after slaughter, it is offered like a Shelamim - the same applies to its Temurah.

(Gemara) Question: [Presumably, R. Yehoshua heard like R. Akiva taught, that sometimes the Pesach itself is offered, and sometimes it is not -] why did he ask about the Temurah, and not about Pesach itself?

Answer: He teaches that there is a Temuras Pesach that is not offered.

(Rabah): The Mishnah distinguishes between when it was found before or after slaughter;

(R. Zeira): It distinguishes between when it was found before or after midday [on Erev Pesach].

Objection: It explicitly says, 'if it was found before slaughter...'!

Answer: It means, if it was found before the [earliest] time for slaughter.

Tana'im argue like Rabah and R. Zeira:

(Beraisa): If Pesach was found before slaughter, it is Ro'eh; if it was found after slaughter, it is offered [like a Shelamim];

R. Eliezer says, if it was found before midday, it is Ro'eh; if it was found after midday, it is offered.

Version #1 (Mishnah): If it was found after slaughter of Pesach, it is offered like a Shelamim (the same applies to its Temurah).

(Rava): This is only if it was found after slaughter and he made Temurah after slaughter - but if it was found before slaughter and he made Temurah after slaughter, since the Temurah comes from a Kedushah Dechuyah (the Pesach could have been offered, but it was not), it is not offered.

Question (Abaye - Beraisa): "Im Kesev" includes Temuras Pesach after Pesach - it is offered like Shelamim.

Question: What is the case?

If it was found after slaughter and he made Temurah after slaughter, obviously it is Shelamim [like the Pesach itself] - we would not need a verse for this!

Answer: It was found before slaughter and he made Temurah after slaughter!

Answer: No - really, it was found after slaughter and he made Temurah after slaughter - the verse is a mere Asmachta.

Question: What do we [really] learn from the verse?

Answer (Beraisa): "Kesev" - this includes the tail of a lamb that is a Pesach (it is part of the Eimurim; it is burned on the Mizbeach).

"Im Kesev" includes a Pesach that was not offered within its first year and a Shelamim that comes on account of Pesach (Chagigah of the 14th; alternatively, Temuras Pesach or Mosar Pesach):

They are like Shelamim in all respects, i.e. Semichah, Nesachim, and Tenufah (waving) of the chest and foreleg.

"V'Im Ez" separates, to teach that the tail of a goat is not part of the Eimurim.

Version #2 (Reisha): If it was found before slaughter of Pesach, it is Ro'eh until it gets a Mum, then it is redeemed and Shelamim is bought with the money - the same applies to its Temurah.

(Rava): This is only if it was found before slaughter and he made Temurah before slaughter - but if it was found before slaughter and he made Temurah after slaughter, the Temurah is offered like Shelamim.

Question: What is the reason?

Answer: Slaughter [of a Pesach] is Kove'a (disqualifies other Pesachim of the same owners) only animals that were Kodesh at the time.