1)

(a)Whilst Rav Yehudah and the Rabbanan were visiting Rabah bar bar Chana, a 'Chavra' came and removed the lamp that they had lit. The Chavri - are synonymous with the Persians who ruled after the Babylonians.

(b)He removed the lamp - because that day happened to be a festival, and it was forbidden by law, to kindle lights anywhere other in their places of worship on their festivals.

(c)Hash-m sent Yisrael into Galus to Bavel and not to Rome - because the decrees of the Romans were unbearable (as they learned much to their chagrin at the time of the second Churban). This is very difficult however, because when Bavel was at the height of power, Rome did not yet exist.

(d)When Rabah bar bar Chanah commented that the Romans were better than the Persians - he was referring to the latter half of Galus Bavel from after the death of Beltshatzar, the last King of Bavel and the takeover of Koresh, King of Persia), but not the first half. This too, is strange however, in light of the relative calm that Yisrael enjoyed at the hand of the Persians (as compared to the era of the Romans - see Tosfos DH 'Ha'. And besides, Chazal elsewhere refer to he Persians as righteous).

2)

(a)'Echad Amar be'Fanai Nichtav, u'Shenayim Omrim be'Faneinu Nechtam, Kasher' which Rebbi Ami Amar Rebbi Yochanan restricts to - where the Eid Kesivah was the witness, but not the Eidei Chasimah (because then there would be no witnesses on the Kesivah.

(b)We can extrapolate from there that two people who bring a Get from overseas - are obligated to declare 'be'Fanai Nichtav ... ' ([like the second Lashon on the previous Amud], because otherwise, the Eid Kesivah would be totally superfluous).

(c)Rebbi Asi extrapolates from Rebbi Ami's statement - that 'Shenayim Omrim be'Faneinu Nichtav, ve'Echad Omer be'Fanei Nechtam, Pasul' speaks even if all the witnesses were appointed Sheluchim.

3)

(a)On another occasion, Rebbi Ami heard Rebbi Yochanan say that even if the Get was delivered by the Eidei Chasimah, it is Kasher.

1. We can now extrapolate that two people who bring a Get from overseas - do not need to declare 'be'Fanai Nichtav ... ' (like the first Lashon on the previous Amud).

2. Rebbi Asi extrapolates from Rebbi Ami's statement - that 'Shenayim Omrim be'Faneinu Nichtav, ve'Echad Omer be'Fanai Nechtam' - speaks specifically when the single Eid Chasimah is the Shali'ach, because if the two Eidei Kesivah would have been the Sheluchim, the Get would be Kasher.

(b)When Rebbi Asi queried Rebbi Ami about the contradiction, he replied that it was a peg that cannot be moved - by which he meant that the second Lashon was the correct version.

4)

(a)If the Get is written and signed on the same day, it is always valid. It will be invalid however - if it was signed at a later date than the one on which it was written.

(b)It is Pasul because it is a Get Mukdam (one which is predated, enabling the claimant to claim from the purchasers [unjustifiably] from the date that is signed).

(c)Rebbi Shimon disagrees with this ruling. In his opinion, Gitin are an exception, and are Kasher even when they were written by day and signed by night ...

(d)... because, unlike other Sh'taros, their function is not to claim with (and the fact that they are predated is irrelevant).

5)

(a)According to Rebbi Yochanan, the reason Chazal instituted the insertion of the date is because of 'bas Achoso'. We are afraid - that in cases when a woman, who happens to be her husband's niece, commits adultery, he might cover up her guilt by providing her with an undated Get (with which she will be able to 'prove' her innocence.

(b)According to Resh Lakish, the Takanah of dating a Get is - to enable the woman to claim from the purchasers, the Peiros of her Nechsei Milug which her husband sold after the date on the Get.

(c)Resh Lakish declines to learn like Rebbi Yochanan because adultery is uncommon (and Chazal do not tend to incorporate uncommon cases in their decrees); whereas Rebbi Yochanan declines to learn like Resh Lakish - because, in his opinion, the husband may continue to eat Peiros right up to the time that he hands her the Get (irrespective of the date written in the Sh'tar).

6)

(a)Rebbi Shimon validates a Get which is predated, according to ...

1. ... Resh Lakish, who gives the reason for the Takanah of writing the date on a Get as 'Mishum Peiros' - because, according to Rebbi Shimon, the husband loses his rights to the Peiros of his wife's property already from the moment he decides to divorce her (i.e. from when he writes the Get).

2. ... Rebbi Yochanan, who gives the reason as 'Mishum bas Achoso' - because Rebbi Yochanan concedes that Rebbi Shimon's reason for inserting the date in a Sh'tar is 'Mishum Peiros' (like Resh Lakish), whereas the reason that he gave followed the opinion of the Rabbanan.

(b)According to Resh Lakish (seeing as the Rabbanan agree that one inserts the date in a Get to enable the woman to claim 'Peiros'), the basis of the Machlokes between Rebbi Shimon and the Rabbanan is - concerning the Peiros that the husband ate between the writing of the Get and its signing, inasmuch as, according to the Rabbanan, he only loses the rights to the Peiros from the time of the Chasimah, in which case a Get that is dated before that is Pasul; whereas according to Rebbi Shimon, he loses the rights already from the time of the Kesivah.

(c)We just learned that, according to Resh Lakish, a divorced woman claims the Peiros that her husband ate from the time that he wrote (or signed) the Get, whereas Rebbi Yochanan permits him to eat them up to the time that he actually gives her the Get. Clearly then, the quote where Rebbi Yochanan writes (that she claims the Peiros) 'mi'Sha'as Kesivah, and Resh Lakish, 'mi'Sha'as Nesinah'- is a misquotation, and must be inverted.

7)

(a)We have already quoted the Mishnah in ha'Megaresh 'Sheloshah Gitin Pesulim, ve'Im Niseis, ha'V'lad Kasher'. Abaye asked Rav Yosef from there on the Takanah of inserting the date in a Get - because one of the three cases is an undated Get. Now if it is nevertheless Kasher, what did the Chachamim gain by instituting such a Takanah in the first place?

(b)Rav Yosef's replied - that since, by and large, the Sofrim will obey Chazal and follow the Takanah, it can certainly not be said that the Takanah was in vain.

(c)We are not afraid that, after the Sofer has written the Get, the husband will cut off the date and hand the Get to his wife (seeing as it will be Kasher anyway) - because the deception would be so obvious that he will only give himself a bad name by doing that.

8)

(a)In spite of Rav Yosef's ruling, validating a Get even if it only contains which seventh-year cycle, which year, which month or which week, one cannot ask what Chazal gained by this Takanah (seeing as it is permitted to predate the Get by anything up to a week, and sometimes even up to seven years) - because at least the date will determine which seven-year cycle she sinned.

(b)Rav Yosef replied that it is at least effective to determine the seven-year cycle that preceded it or that follows it. By the six-year cycle ...

1. ... that preceded it - he meant that if his wife sinned before that period, she will be proclaimed guilty and sentenced to death.

2. ... that follows it - he meant that if her husband sold Peiros during that period, she is entitled to claim them from him.

(c)The six-year cycle ...

1. ... that preceded it cannot pertain to the fruit - because (due to the principle 'ha'Motzi me'Chaveiro Alav ha'Re'ayah') even if the Sh'tar had been undated, she would not be able to claim the fruit that he ate earlier, unless she could prove that when he ate them, he was no longer entitled to do so.

2. ... that follows it cannot pertain to when his wife committed adultery - because (due to the principle 'Safek Nefashos Lehakel') Beis-Din would not be permitted to sentence her to death, even if the Get was not dated.

(d)Rav Yosef proves his point - from a case where a man gave his wife a Get on the same day that she committed adultery, which can never be determined, seeing as the time of day is never inserted in a Sh'tar.