1)

Who will roar, and over what?

1.

Rashi: The enemy, over [conquering] Am Hashem, who were mentioned above (25).

2)

What is "Nahamas Yam"?

1.

Rashi: The sea's waves make great noise - so the enemy will come with noisy troops.

2.

Malbim: The afflicted nation is depicted as a boat in a storm that is about to break. This metaphor is used also below (17:12) and in Tehilim (93).

3)

What is the meaning of "v'Nibat"?

1.

Rashi: It is an expression of looking. Yisrael will look, hoping for help from the kings on whom they relied - "ha'Yoredim Mitzrayim l'Ezrah" (31:1). Nibat is Nif'al; the prefix switches it to the future.

2.

Radak: It is Pa'al conjugation, like Avad, Shavar. When the enemy comes, Yisrael will look for help, but they will not see, for it will be dark.

3.

Malbim: People on the boat (refer to 5:30:2:2) strive to return to dry land, but they cannot.

4)

What is the darkness?

1.

Rashi: No one will help them.

2.

Malbim: It is one of the impediments stopping the boat from returning to dry land. They cannot see the coast! Refer to 5:30:2:2, 5:30:5:4.

5)

Why does it say "Tzar va'Or Chashach"?

1.

Rashi #1: Both the victim of the affliction, and the one who comes to illuminate for him, will be dark.

2.

Rashi #2: Tzar refers to the moon; its light was diminished. Va'Or refers to the sun.

3.

Radak: Tzar refers to the previous word "Choshech", even though the Trup (notes) imply oppositely. The darkness is due to the enemy. Also refer to 5:30:6:2.

4.

Malbim: (a) Tzar (a great rock) stops the boat from returning to dry land (refer to 5:30:2:2). It can break the boat! (b) Ohr (a thick cloud) descended; it is a great danger for boats. (c) Refer to 5:30:6:4.

6)

What is the meaning of "ba'Arifeha"?

1.

Rashi: When its darkness will come. Arifeha is an expression of Ya'arof, like "Ya'arof ka'Matar Likchi" (Devarim 32:2). When rain descends, the air darkens.

2.

Radak #1: [The sun's light will darken for Yisrael] in Shamayim, due to their affliction. Shamayim is called Arifeha, for it makes rain drop - "Af Shamav Ya'arfu Tal", "Ya'arof ka'Matar Likchi" (Devarim 33:28, 32:2).

3.

Radak #2: In its desolation 1 , like "Ya'arof Mizbechosam" (Hoshe'a 10:2), which is destruction.

4.

Malbim: The cloud (refer to 5:30:5:4) pours rain on the boat. Sailors cannot save in such a case.


1

Presumably, the text should be 'b'Charvoseha', like Kli Paz cites Radak to say. (PF)

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