What is "Lavur"?
Rav Sadya Gaon, Rashi: It is to clarify.
What it the grammatical form of "v'Lavur"?
Ibn Ezra: It is from the root Barar. There should be a Cholem over the Veis. Also "Yarun v'Some'ach" (Mishlei 29:6, has a Shuruk in place of a Cholem). It is like "Sefasai Barur Milelu" (Iyov 33:3).
Rashbam: It is from the root Bar, just like Lakum is from the root Kam, and Lashuv is from Shav.
Rid: The prefix Vov is superfluous, like "v'Ayah va'Anah" (Bereishis 36:24).
Which Tzadikim and Chacham are discussed?
Ri Kara: Tzadikim who get like is proper for Resha'im, and Chachamim who get like is proper for Kesilim.
What are "Avadeihem"?
Rav Sadya Gaon, Rid, Metzudas David: Their deeds. Ibn Ezra, Metzudas Tziyon - this is like "Lachen Yakir Mabadeihem" (Iyov 34:25).
Rashi: [The Chachamim's] Talmidim, those who serve them, and those who go in their ways.
Rashbam: Their servants. Ri Kara - the same occurs to slave and master, to Tzadik and Rasha, to Chacham and Kesil.
Seforno: Their efforts in investigation and deed.
How are Tzadikim, Chachamim and Avadeihem b'Yad Elokim?
Rashi: He helps them and judges them, to benefit them in their end.
Rashbam: They are under His authority. This is like "mi'Tachas Yad Mitzrayim", "mi'Yad Mitzrayim umi'Yad Pharaoh" (Shemos 18:10).
Ri Kara: Sometimes you see a slave rise to grandeur, and the master descends. You see Tzadikim get like is proper for Resha'im and Chachamim get like is proper for Kesilim. You see Kesilim get like is proper for Chachamim, and Resha'im get like is proper for Tzadikim. People do not understand why; the reason is revealed to Hashem.
Rid: He feeds whom He wants to feed, and does not feed whom He does not want to feed. It does not depend on the creations' desires.
Seforno: They need Divine help to carry out their intents - "v'Nishmas Shakai Tevinem" (Iyov 32:8).
Metzudas David: He rules over them and their deeds.
What is the meaning of "Gam Ahavah Gam Sin'ah"?
Rashi: How to be beloved to Hashem, and what Hashem hates. Rashbam - it is normal to say Gam also in front of the first matter, like "Gam Bachur Gam Besulah" (Devarim 32:25), "Gam Li Gam Lach" (Melachim I, 3:26).
Ibn Ezra: Things that Tzadikim and Chachamim love and hate.
Ri Kara, Rid: You find that Hashem bestows good, and it is not known if it is amidst love, and the good will remain, or it is amidst hatred, and Hashem shows it to him temporarily, and it will not last. The end of this Simchah is sadness!
Seforno: Divine help does not show whether Hashem loves or hates him.
Refer to 9:1:7:3.
Which Adam is this, and what does he not know?
Rashi: Other people [not Tzadikim, Chachamim and Avadeihem], do not know what Hashem loves and hates.
Ibn Ezra: Tzadikim and Chachamim. They do not know when will come what they love and hate.
Metzudas David: Tzadikim and Chachamim do not know why they love and hate different people [for it is from Shamayim].
What do we learn from "ha'Kol Lifneihem"?
Ibn Ezra #1: The matters [that they love and hate] are in front of them, and they do not sense this.
Ibn Ezra #2: Decrees were made about [Tzadikim and Chachamim] before they were [in the world].
Rashbam: All evils are prepared to come upon them; the same will occur to all of them.
Ri Kara: All that is in front of people to see, they do not know what they see, like it says after this.
Seforno: It depends on people's choice. Divine help is according to the good intended purpose - one who learns in order to teach, they enable him to learn and teach; one who learns in order to fulfill, they enable him to learn, teach, guard and do (Avos 4:6).
