What are "T'rumaschem" "Dagan?, and "Mele'ah", respectively, referring to?
Rashi (in Bava Metzi'a, 90a): "T'rumaschem" refers to T?rumas Ma?aser, ?Dagan? to Terumah Gedolah of grain and Mele?ah, to Terumah Gedolah of wine and oil.
What is the significance of the comparison of T'rumas Ma'aser to Terumah Gedolah?
Rashi: It teaches us here that the T'rumas Ma'aser that the Levi gives to the Kohen is forbidden to Zarim and to Teme'im like Terumah Gedolah, and that if a Zar eats it be'Meizid, he is subject to Misah (bi'Yedei Shamayim), be'Shogeg, he must pay an extra fifth. 1
Rashbam: It teaches us that if a Zar eats T'rumas Ma'aser, he transgresses the La'av of "ve'Chol Zar Lo Yochal Kodesh". 2
Seforno: It teaches us that, even though T'rumas Ma'aser has been measured, 3 it will bestow a B'rachah on the rest of the Ma'aser that remains Chulin in the hands of the Levi. 4
Oznayim la'Torah: According to Rashi in Pasuk 24, it teaches us that, until the Levi separates T'rumas Ma'aser from the Ma'aser, it is called Terumah ? before T'rmuas Ma'aser has been separated, the Ma'aser is considered Tevel and is forbidden like corn in the granary and wine in the wine-press.
Gitin, 30b: To teach us a. that just as Terumah Gedolah 5 is taken by approximation, 6 via thought alone, so too T'rumas Ma'aser, and b. that just as the Yisrael separates Terumah Gedolah, so too, is he permitted to separate T'rumas Ma'aser.
Rashi: Like Terumah Gedolah, which is called 'Reishis Dagan min ha'Goren'. From the granary, because T'rumos and Ma'aseros of grain are taken only after the Miru'ach - the flattening of the pile, which follows the winnowing (Rashi in Bava Metzi'a, 90a).
Rashbam: That is written by Terumah Gedolah in Vayikra 23:10.
Seforno: Whatever has been measured, counted or weighed is generally not subject to B'rachah. See Ta'anis, 8b.
Just as Terumah Gedolah bestows a B'rachah upon the Chulin that remains in the hands of the Yisrael.
See Torah Temimah, note 100 and refer to 18:27:1.1:2.
Even though, as opposed to Terumah Gedolah has a Shi'ur. See Torah Temimah, note 100.
What are the connotations of "ve'Nechshav lachem T'rumaschem"?
Yerushalmi T'rumos, 1:1: It implies that the Terumah of a Katan, who does not have Machshavah, 1 is invalid.
Yerushalmi T'rumos, 1:4: It implies that one may declare Terumah Gedolah 2 with Machshavah alone, and that consequently, it must be dedlared by assessment and not via measuring, weighing or counting
Yerushalmi T'rumos, 3:3: It teaches us that, just as Machshavah is generally specific, 3 so too, must taking Terumah verbally - mentioned in the previous Pasuk - be specific, and that, if the owner merely declares that the Terumah should take effect somewhere in the pile, his declaration is invalid.
Pesachim, 23a: "T'rumaschem" implies that T'rumah belongs to the Kohen 4 - permitting even a Yisrael to make an Eiruv with it.
The Yerushalmi actually says 'the one by whom Machshavah is written'. See Torah Temimah, note 97.
See Torah Temimah, note 98 & 102.
Overriding the principle that wherever the Torah inserts a Lashon Achilah, it includes an Isur Hana'ah, rendering the article valueless and depriving the owner of deriving benefit from it. Refer to Torah Temimah Naso, 6:5 note 37.
What are the implications of "ka'Dagan min ha'Goren"?
Yerushalmi T'rumos, 1:5: It implies that the Levi must take T'rumas Ma'aser 1 from corn that is 'Nigm'rah Melachto' (that has been threshed and removed from the stalks) and not from what is Nigm'rah Melachto on to what is not Nigm'rah Melachto, or vice versa.
Yerushalmi T'rumos, 2:5: It implies that, just as one cannot have a granary that is partially Tamei and partially Tahor, 2 so too, may one not separate Terumah from Tahor crops on to Tamei ones.
What is the definition of "Mele'ah min ha'Yekev"?
