1)

THE UNIQUE STATUS OF THE JUICES OF OLIVES AND GRAPES (Yerushalmi Terumos Perek 11 Halachah 3 Daf 56a)

îùðä [ãó ÷à òîåã á (òåæ åäãø)] àéï òåùéï úîøéí ãáù åìà úôåçéí ééï åìà ñéúååðéåú çåîõ åùàø ëì äôéøåú àéï îùðéï àåúï îáøééúï áúøåîä åáîò''ù àìà æéúéí åòðáéí áìáã

(a)

(Mishnah): One may not make Terumah dates into honey, apples into wine, winter grapes into vinegar or change any other fruit of Terumah or Maaser Sheni from its natural state with the exception of olives and grapes.

àéï ñåôâéï àøáòéí îùåí òøìä àìà òì äéåöà îäæéúéí åîï äòðáéí åàéï îáéàéï áéëåøéí îù÷éï àìà äéåöà îï äæéúéí åîï äòðáéí

(b)

One only incurs 40 lashes for Orlah for the juices of olives and grapes. The only juices that one may bring as Bikurim are those of olives and grapes.

àéðå îèîà îùåí îù÷ä àìà äéåöà îï äæéúéí åîï äòðáéí åàéï î÷øéáéï òì âáé äîæáç àìà äéåöà îï äæéúéí åîï äòðáéí.

(c)

Only the juices of olives and grapes cause something to be susceptible to Tumah. The only juice brought on the altar is that of olives and grapes.

òå÷öé úàðéí åäâøåâøåú åäëìåñéí åäçøåáéí ùì úøåîä àñåøéï ìæøéí:

(d)

The stems of figs, dried figs, Kelusim figs and carobs of Terumah are prohibited to non-Kohanim.

âîøà øáé àéìà áùí øáé ìòæø ëéðé îúðé' àéï (îáéàéï)[òåùéï] áëåøéí îù÷éï àìà äéåöà îï äæéúéí åîï äòðáéí åàôéìå îùæëå áäï áòìéí

(e)

(Gemara) (R. Ila citing R. Elazar): (The Mishnah taught that the only juices that one may bring as Bikurim are those of olives and grapes. However, a Mishnah in Maseches Challah 4:11 taught that Yosef HaKohen brought his Bikurim in the form of wine and it wasn't accepted.) Our Mishnah's meaning is - one may not make Bikurim into juices except for olives and grapes, even after the Kohen has acquired them.

åäúðé ãøê áéëåøéí îù÷ä ìäáéàï îðééï ùéáéà úìîåã ìåîø úáéà

(f)

Rebuttal (Baraisa): If a person pressed Bikurim (of grapes or olives) to bring their juices (to the Temple), from where do we know that this is valid? The pasuk states (Devarim 26:2) "(That you shall take of the first of all the fruit of the ground, which) you will bring (from your land)''. (If so, why wasn't Yosef HaKohen's Bikurim accepted?)

îùì÷èï îùòä øàùåðä òì îðú ëê áøí äëà áùìà ì÷èï îùòä øàùåðä òì îðú ëê

(g)

Answer: The Baraisa permits it (only) when he picked them planning to crush them.

æéúéí ùì úøåîä èäåøéí éòùå ùîï èîàéí ìà éòùå åòðáéí áéï èîàåú áéï èäåøåú ìà éòùå ã''ø îàéø

(h)

(Tosefta) (R. Meir): Tahor Terumah olives may be made into oil but not Tamei Terumah olives. Terumah grapes, whether Tamei or Tahor may not be made into wine.

[ãó ÷á òîåã à (òåæ åäãø)] ø' éò÷á àîø îùîå ìà ðçì÷å ø' àìéòæø åø' éäåùò òì æéúéí èäåøéí ùéòùå òì îä ðçì÷å òì äèîàéí ùø' ìéòæø àåîø ùìà éòùå åø' éäåùò àåîø ùéòùå åòðáéí èäåøåú éòùå åèîàåú ìà éòùå

(i)

(R. Yaakov citing R. Meir): Both R. Eliezer and R. Yehoshua agree that one may make Tahor Terumah olives into oil. They disagree over Tamei olives - R. Eliezer prohibits it and R. Yehoshua permits it. However, Tahor grapes but not Tamei grapes may be made into wine.

à''ø éåãï îåãä ø' ìéòæø åø' éäåùò áæéúéí èäåøéí ùéòùå òì îä ðçì÷å òì äèîàéí ùø' ìéòæø àåîø ìà éòùå åø' éäåùò àåîø éòùå åòðáéí áéï èäåøåú áéï èîàåú éòùå

(j)

(R. Yudan): R. Eliezer and R. Yehoshua agree over Tahor olives but disagree over Tamei olives. R. Eliezer prohibits it and R. Yehoshua permits it. And as for grapes - whether they are Tahor or Tamei, he may make it.

à''ø (éåçðï) îåãä ø''à åøáé éäåùò áæéúéí èäåøéí ùéòùå åòðáéí èîàåú ùìà éòùå åòì îä ðçì÷å òì æéúéí èîàéí åòì òðáéí èäåøåú ùøáé ìéòæø àåîø ùìà éòùå åøáé éäåùò àåîø ùéòùå

(k)

(Rebbi): R. Eliezer and R. Yehoshua agree that he may make it from Tahor olives and from Tamei grapes he may not make it. They disagree over Tamei olives and Tahor grapes - R. Eliezer prohibits it and R. Yehoshua permits it.

ëì òîà øáééï òì ãø' îàéø [ãó ðå òîåã á] áòðáéí èäåøåú ùéòùå

(l)

The other Tanaim disagree with R. Meir according to the first Tana about Tahor grapes and they say that according to R. Yehoshua, they may be made into wine.

åìîä àîø ùìà éòùå çùåáåú äï ìàåëì éåúø îï äîù÷ä

(m)

And why does R. Meir prohibit it? Since the juice is more susceptible to Tumah than when in solid form (as a food needs to get intentionally wet in order to be able to contract Tumah).

ëì òîà øáééï òì ãø' éåãï áòðáéí èîàåú ùìà éòùå

(n)

And the other Tanaim disagree with R. Yudan about Tamei grapes and they say that it may not be made into wine.

åìîä àîø éòùå áùáéì ìéäðåú îï äçøöðéí åîï äæâéï

(o)

And why does R. Yudan permit it? In order to be able to use the shells and pits as firewood.

æéúéí èîàéí øáé åø''î çã ø' éò÷á åø' éåãï çãà äéàê òáãéï òåáãà

(p)

Tamei olives - Rebbi and R. Meir both prohibit making oil from them. R. Yaakov and R. Yehuda both permit it. So what is the Halacha? (The Gemara leaves this question unanswered.)

ø' æòéøà áùí ø''à àí îúðé' áîåáìòåú áàåëì

(q)

(R. Zeira citing R. Elazar): (The Mishnah taught that stems of figs of Terumah are prohibited to non-Kohanim.) The Mishnah is discussing when the stems are mixed with food (which is a normal way to eat).

øáé æòéøà ëì ãúøåîåú åäèäøåú ùîåòä áùí ø''à:

(r)

Whenever R. Zeira makes a statement in Terumos and Taharos, it's always in the name of R. Elazar.

2)

PITS, BONES AND BRAN (Yerushalmi Terumos Perek 11 Halachah 4 Daf 56b)

îùðä âøòéðé úøåîä áæîï ùäï îëðñï àñåøåú åàí äùìéëï îåúøåú [ãó ÷á òîåã á (òåæ åäãø)] åëï òöîåú ùì ÷ãùéí áæîï ùäåà îëðñï àñåøåú åàí äùìéëï îåúøåú

(a)

Terumah pits - when the Kohen collects them (as they have value to him), they are prohibited (to non-Kohanim). If he discarded them, they are permitted. The same is true for the bones of sacrifices.

äîåøñï îåúø ñåáéï ùì çãùåú àñåøåú åùì éùðåú îåúøåú

(b)

Coarse bran is permitted. Bran - of new wheat is prohibited; of old wheat is permitted.

ðåäâ áúøåîä ëãøê ùäåà ðåäâ áçåìéï

(c)

One may refine Terumah in the same as one treats Chulin (even though he is discarding a portion of it through sifting).

äîñìú ÷á àå ÷áééí ìñàä ìà éàáã àú äùàø àìà éðéçðä áî÷åí äîöåðò.

(d)

If one sifts one or two Kav from a Se'ah, he should not discard the rest (that the sifter retained); rather he should put it in a hidden place.

îâåøä ùôéðä îîðä çéèé úøåîä àéï îçééáéï àåúå ìäéåú éåùá åîì÷è àçú àçú àìà îëáã ëãøëå åðåúï ìúåê äçåìéï.

(e)

If a storeroom was emptied of its Terumah wheat, the owner is not obligated to collect each grain; rather, he should sweep there in the regular way and he may then store Chulin there.

åëï çáéú ùì ùîï ùðùôëä àéï îçééáéí àåúå ìäéåú éåùá åîèôç àìà ðåäâ áä ëãøê ùäåà ðåäâ áçåìéï.

(f)

Similarly, if a barrel of oil was spilled, the owner is not obligated to scoop it up; rather he can treat it like Chulin.

äîòøä îëã ìëã åðåèó ùìù èéôéï åðåúï ìúåê äçåìéï åàí äøëéðä åîéöú äøé æå úøåîä

(g)

If a person pours Terumah (wine or oil) from jug to jug, after the last three drops, he may put Chulin into the jug. But if (after the last three drops) he instead tips the jug on its side and there is still liquid that collects, it is still considered Terumah.

åëîä éäà áúøåîú îòùø ùì ãîàé åéåìéëðä ìëäï àçã îùîåðä ìùîéðéú:

(h)

How much Terumas Maaser of Demai must there be to require him to take it to the Kohen? 1/64th of a Log.

âîøà à''ø éåçðï áâìòéðé àâñéí å÷øåñèåîìéï äéà îúðéúà

(i)

(Gemara) (R. Yochanan): The Mishnah's case of Terumah pits refers to pear and Crustomlin pear pits (that are edible).

[ãó ÷â òîåã à (òåæ åäãø)] à''ø ìòæø àôéìå úéîà áâìòéðé äøåèá áîçåñøéï ìîöîõ

(j)

(R. Elazar): It could even be referring to (hard) date pits and the prohibition is to suck the moisture from it.

åäà úðéðï åëï òöîåú ä÷åãù àéú ìê ìîéîø áîçåñøåú ìîöîõ

(k)

Question: But the Mishnah also taught about bones of sacrifices. Could that case be referring to sucking the marrow? (It's known that the marrow of sacrifices are like its flesh, so how could the Mishnah permit them if he discarded them!)

ìà áøàùé ëðôéí äñçåñéï

(l)

Rather, it must be referring to the tops of the wings and the cartilage (which are semi-edible).

àúà øáé àáäå áùí øáé éåçðï áøàùé ëðôéí äñçåñéï äéà îúðéúà

(m)

(R. Abahu citing R. Yochanan): Yes; it's referring to the tops of the wings and the cartilage.

åàìå äï äçãùåú ëì æîï ùäáøéåú øâéìéï ìçáåè

(n)

(Tosefta): (The Mishnah taught that bran of new wheat is prohibited and of old wheat is permitted.) What's considered new? As long as people still hit it in the threshing floor.

ø' àçà àîø òã ùìùéí éåí

1.

(R. Acha): Until 30 days after it's harvested.

ø' àáäå áùí ø' éåçðï ëï äéà ùéòåøä

(o)

(R. Abahu citing R. Yochanan): (The Mishnah taught that if one sifts one or two Kav from a Se'ah, he should not discard the rest...) The Mishnah's teaching applies specifically to one or two Kav, but not more.

åäúðé îñìú áçéèéï ëì ùäåà øåöä (åîð÷á)[åî÷ðá] áéø÷ ëì ùäåà øåöä

(p)

Question (Baraisa): One may sift any amount of flour and remove any amount of inferior leaves of vegetables...?

øáé àáäå áùí øáé éåçðï áîòîéãå òì úøåîúå

1.

(R. Abahu citing R. Yochanan): The Baraisa means that one may even remove all of the leaves until the central stem.

ø' éøîéä áùí øáé àéìà ëàï áùðé øòáåï ëàï áùðé ùåáò.

(q)

Answer (R. Yirmiyah citing R. Ila): Only one or two Kav are permitted in a year of famine and more is permitted in a year of plenty.

úîï úðéðï îéòé àáèéç å÷ðéáú éø÷ ùì úøåîä øáé ãåñà îúéø ìæøéí åçëîéí àåñøéí

(r)

(Mishnah in Maseches Eduyos): Bitter watermelon pits and inferior leaves of Terumah - R. Dosa permits them to non-Kohanim and the Chachamim prohibit them.

ø' àáäå áùí øáé éåçðï ìà ùðå àìà á÷ðéáú éø÷ ùì âððéï àáì á÷ðéáú éø÷ ùì áòìé áúéí àó øáðï îåãééï

(s)

(R. Abahu citing R. Yochanan): They disagree over leaves removed by gardeners (since they often remove even edible leaves), but when removed by regular householders, even the Chachamim permit it.

øáé áåï áòééï ìà îñúáøà áúøåîä âãåìä àáì áúøåîú îòùø àéï äòìéï [ãó ðæ òîåã à] (úìåùéï)[úøåîä] òì äòìéï åìà ä÷ìçéí (úìåùéï)[úøåîä] òì ä÷ìçéí.

(t)

(R. Bun): Isn't it logical to say (that R. Dosa permits leaves removed by gardeners) specifically if they are Terumah Gedolah, but as for Terumas Maaser, no more leaves may be detached, aside from the leaves he detached before it was declared as Terumas Maaser. And no stalks may be detached aside from those that were detached before it was declared as Terumas Maaser. (Terumas Maaser is exactly 1/10th of the Maaser Rishon of the crop and the owner certainly intended to include the inferior leaves and stalks as part of the Terumas Maaser.)