(Mishnah): If a Se'ah of Sheviis olives can be squeezed to produce a Revi'is HaLog (1/4 of a Log - which is 86cc) of oil, they may be split open and eaten in the field. Once they can produce a half a Log of oil, they may be crushed in the field and their oil used to anoint. Once they have reached 1/3rd, they may be crushed in the field and brought home.

Similarly, in the other years of Shemita, (at this stage) they are obligated in Ma'asros. As for all other fruits of the tree, the time that they become obligated in Ma'asros is when they are permitted to be eaten in Sheviis.

(Gemara) Question: The Mishnah taught that if a Se'ah of Sheviis olives can be squeezed to produce a Revi'is...(Once they have reached 1/3rd, they may be crushed in the field and brought home) - What is 1/3rd ? (From the ascending order of the Mishnah, the term 1/3rd must be more than 1/2, meaning that it's referring to a full Log). So why not say 'a Log'?

Answer: The Mishnah is referring to olives that produce three Log per Seah by the end of the season. (When they have produced 1/3rd of that total, which is a Log, he may crush and bring home.)

The pasuk states (Vayikra 25:12), "For it is Yovel, it shall be sanctified to you...'' Just as it is sanctified, so its produce is sanctified (and may not be wasted).

R. Yosi ben Chanina would kiss the stones of Acco and would say, "Until here is the Land of Israel''. (Acco was the northern border.)

R. Zeira would wade through the Jordan river in his clothing (in love of the Land).

R. Chiya bar Ba would roll around on the stones of Tiveria.

R. Chiya the Great would weigh the stones of Eretz Yisrael.

R. Chananya would weigh the clumps of earth of Eretz Yisrael, in fulfilment of the pasuk (Tehillim 102:15), "For Your servants have desired its stones and favored its dust.''

(Mishnah): From when may one no longer chop down a tree (for wood) in Sheviis (as it would deprive the public of partaking of the fruit)? Beis Shammai say - From when it grows fruit.

Beis Hillel say - Carobs - from when the fruit becomes like a chain; grapevines - from when they 'Yigaru' (contain liquid); olives - from when their 'Netz' grows (when the flower falls and the fruit is visible); and for all other trees, from when they grow fruit. For all other trees (in years other than Sheviis), when it reaches the season of Ma'asros, one may chop its branches for firewood. (Since its fruits have already ripened, there is no loss when the branches are chopped.)

Question: In other years, how much must be on the olive tree to forbid chopping it down (because of the prohibition of chopping down fruit trees)? A quarter Kav of olives.

(R. Shimon ben Gamliel): It depends on the tree. (If a tree produces fine fruit, even if it produces less than a quarter Kav, it is forbidden to chop it down.)

(Gemara): (The Mishnah taught from when the Carob fruit becomes like a chain, the tree may not be chopped down.) R. Chanina bar Papa taught that its becoming like a chain is its Chanatah (budding).

"Grapevines, from when they 'Yigaru'" - R. Yona said that it's when it flows liquid (when squeezed), as the pasuk states (Iyov 36:27), "For He increases (Yigara) water droplets; rain is poured into His cloud''.

(R. Yona): "Olives - from when their Netz grows'' - meaning that it produces a Rova.

Question: Does he mean a quarter Kav of Nitzanim or a quarter Kav of olives?

Answer (R. Yona): Enough Nitzanim to indicate that the tree will produce a Kav of olives.

(R. Yona): The pasuk states (Devarim 28:40), "(You will have olive trees throughout all of your boundaries, but you will not anoint with [their] oil,) because (Yishal) your olive trees will drop off (their fruits) - the yield of your olive trees will be very low - there will only be one olive for every 340 Nitzanim. (The word Yishal has the numerical value of 340.)

(R. Yona): The pasuk states (Yoel 2:22), "(Don't fear you beasts of the field, as the dwelling places of the desert have become covered with grass,) for the trees have borne their fruit...'' - they didn't bear fruit in this world; "...the fig tree and the vine have given forth their strength'' - this teaches that they didn't give their strength in this world.

(R. Yona citing R. Chama bar Chanina): One who dies at the time of Gog (and Magog, instead of suffering together with Am Yisrael), he does not have a portion in the world to come. A sign for this is one who joins the meal that is celebrated a week before a wedding, he will also eat at the wedding meal.

R. Yosi heard this and said, "Is that correct? There's the possibility to repent and receive a place in the world to come (even for those that don't suffer it).''

(R. Yona citing Chiya bar Ashi): In the next world, the Torah Scholars will also toil in the Synagogues and Batei Midrash. What's the source for this? The pasuk states (Tehillim 84:8), "They shall go from strength to strength, he will appear to Hash-m in Tzion.''

(Rabbanan of Kisarin): The young idolaters and the soldiers of Nebuchadnetzar will not return for the revival of the dead, and will not be judged for their actions, as the pasuk states (Yirmiyah 51:39), "and they sleep an eternal sleep and will not awaken''.

Question: From what age does a Jewish child have a place in the World to Come? R. Chiya the Great and R. Shimon son of Rebbi disagreed - one said from birth and the other said from when it can speak.

According to the one who said from birth, it's as the pasuk states (Tehillim 22:32), "They will come and tell His righteousness, to the newborn nation that which He has done''.

According to the one said from when it can speak, it's as the pasuk states (Tehillim 22:31), "About the seed that serves Him, it will be told to the latter generation (i.e. forever) concerning Hashem''.

(Baraisa citing R. Meir): It is from when the child knows how to answer "Amen'', as the pasuk states (Yishayahu 26:2), "Open the gates, so that a righteous nation, awaiting the realization [of Hash-m's promise], may enter''. (Instead of being read "Shomer Emunim'' (awaiting the realization); it should be read as "Shomer Amenim'' (those who await answering "Amen'').)

In Bavel they say that it's from when the child is circumcised, as the pasuk states (Tehillim 88:16), "Nasasi Aymecha Afuna - I have borne Your fear.'' (This is understood as 'Aymecha' - pain of circumcision; 'Afuna' - he will be taken out and revived from the dead.) And it says (Tehillim 87:5), "And to Zion it will be said, "Man after man was born in her,'' and He will establish it on high.''

(R. Elazar): Even the miscarried fetuses, as the pasuk states (Yishayahu 49:6), "and to bring back ('Netzirei') the besieged of Yisrael''. ('Netizrei' is understood as formed but before birth.)