The Mishnah taught: If he harvested first, he may fix a price for a stack etc.

Rav: If the produce is only missing one action, he may fix a price; if it is missing a number of actions, he may not fix a price.

R. Yochanan and Raish Lakish: Even if it is missing a number of actions, he may fix a price.

Question against Rav (our Mishnah): If he harvested first, he may fix a price. (This implies that even if it was missing a number of actions, he may fix a price.)

Abba bar Zamina gave a dinar to a baker and bought the bread for the entire year according to the low price. Rav did not agree with him that it was permitted (as he viewed it as if the buyer was given a discount for paying in advance before he took the bread).

R. Chiya the Great had cotton and donkey drivers came to buy it from him.

He told them, "I am not selling it now; I am waiting until Purim (when the price will go up)''.

They told him, "Sell it to us now according to the (higher) Purim price''. He went to ask Rebbi if this was permitted and Rebbi said that it was prohibited.

R. Chiya went out and taught this ruling as part of his

Beraisa: If a person was owed money and he comes to collect it by taking produce from the borrower's threshing floor. If the borrower tells him, "Evaluate how much wheat I owe you according to its market value and I will pay you with wheat (based on that value) for the next 12 months (even if the market price rises)'', it is prohibited as it is unlike paying him with an isar (cash). (Note: This is case is not relevant to the story above concerning Rebbi's ruling about R. Chiya's cotton. Therefore the Pnei Moshe adds the latter part of the Beraisa to the Gemara's text, with a slight correction...)

If a person said, "Lend me a kur of wheat and I will return it according to the price that you will then be selling it'', it is prohibited.

Rav: My Uncle Chiya agreed that if the produce is already owned by the seller and he is reducing their price for the sale, it is permitted.

Similarly, if he is paying in advance before the market price is established, so that the seller will give the produce later at a lower market price; it is permitted.

But if the sale takes place now according to the future higher price, it is prohibited. (This was the case in the sale of R. Chiya's cotton.)

R. Elazar gave a dinar to someone. He told the person, "Whatever you produce with that money from now until Chanukah is mine. I have no claim from Chanukah onwards; whether you gain or lose, it belongs to you.'' The person wanted to give the earnings after Chanukah but R. Elazar did not accept them.

R. Elazar was concerned (after Chanukah) that it appeared like the prohibition of "karov l'sechar v'rachok l'hefsed'' - If Reuven gives Shimon money for a business venture and stipulates that they will divide the profits and that if there is a loss, Shimon will take the loss and return in full the money taken; this is prohibited - since Shimon must return the full sum even if there is a loss, this shows that it is a loan. Therefore, since Shimon must pay half of the profits to Reuven, it is considered ribis.

Support (Beraisa): Kiruv sechar and richuk hefsed is the way of evildoers (as they charge ribis).

R. Yitzchak gave dinars to someone. The person wanted R. Yitzchak to do as R. Elazar had done and R. Yitzchak did not agree.

Kahana gave 40 dinars to someone to buy flax. The flax increased in value (and the person then sold the flax for a profit).

Kahana came to ask Rav (if he could ask to be paid back according to the lower flax price). Rav said, "Go and take from him 40 kur'' (meaning large portions, according to the price that they originally fixed, or he must 40 dinars in cash).

Rebbi wished to permit kelito shalim, but R. Yishmael son of R. Yosi did not allow him to do so. Some say that it was vice-versa.

Question: What is kelito shalim?

Answer: Reuven lends Shimon an amount of money to use for business, for example, people who buy from merchants who sail to Risin. They buy two or three kesustavan (a large quantity) from the merchants at a reduced price because they pay in advance. This is not actual ribis but it is avak ribis (literally: the dust of ribis, i.e. Rabbinically prohibited.)

Both R. Yosi (of our Mishnah. See above 71/72 (b)) and R. Elazar ben Azaria have the same view, as the Mishnah teaches (in Maseches Sheviis)...

If he had a small amount of manure and he wishes to make a manure pile without it appearing as if he is fertilizing his field, he can just leave the original amount (despite it temporarily appearing like fertilizing) and then continue to add to it until a large pile is made (as it is almost certain that he will do this).

R. Elazar ben Azaria says that it is prohibited unless he puts it in a 3 tefach hole or unless he puts it on top of a stone.