Beraisa: "Crouching'' - but not if it usually crouches.

Question (another Beraisa): "Unloading'' - even one hundred times a day...?

Answer: The first Beraisa (that requires only once) refers to when it is discernible that the owner is intentionally doing it; the second Beraisa refers to when it is an accident.

The same pasuk states, "When you shall 'bump into'" - I might think that it refers to physical proximity, but the pasuk states, "You will see''. Based on that, even if he saw it 100 mil away, he must help; that is why the pasuk says, "...when you shall bump into''.

How is this done? The Chachamim evaluated that it can be as much as 7.5 mil which is the same as a ris.

"You shall surely help him'' - this refers to unloading; "You shall surely stand him up'' - this refers to loading.

R. Shimon ben Yochai: Just as unloading is a Torah law (and is for free) so loading is a Torah law (and is for free).

If it is a Jew's donkey and a gentile's load, all agree that he must unload and load.

If it is a gentile's donkey and a Jew's load, the Chachamim would say that he is not required to unload or load; R. Shimon says that he must unload but he does not need to load.

(Mishnah): If he is able to retrieve his own lost item or his father's, his own item comes first.

If he is able to retrieve his own lost item or his Rav's, his own item comes first.

If he is able to retrieve his father's lost item or his Rav's, his Rav's item comes first, as his father brought him to this (temporary) world but his Rav who taught him wisdom, brings him to the (eternal) world

If his father is equally as great as his Rav, his father's item comes first.

If his father and his Rav are each carrying a load, he must help down his Rav and then afterwards help down his father's.

If his father and his Rav were captured, he must redeem his Rav before his father.

But if his father was a Torah scholar, he must redeem his father before his Rav.

(Gemara - Beraisa): R. Meir - Who is called his Rav that taught him wisdom? The first Rav to teach him.

R. Yudan: The Rav that taught him most of his knowledge.

R. Yosi: Whoever enlightened his eyes with (even one) Mishnah.

Rav follows the opinion of R. Meir; R. Yochanan follows R. Yehudah and Shmuel follows R. Yosi...

Rav follows R. Meir - One person began teaching Rav Torah when he was young and when Rav heard that he had died, he tore his clothing in the way that one tears upon the passing of his Rav.

R. Yochanan follows R. Yehudah - R. Yochanan was travelling from Tiveria to Tzipori. He saw a person travelling in the opposite direction...

R. Yochanan: What is the noise that I hear coming from Tzipori?

The person: One Rav passed away and everyone is running to escort him at his funeral.

R. Yochanan knew that it was R. Chanina who had passed away and he sent for his finest Shabbos garments and tore them.

Question: Did we not learn that if the tear is not done in a panic (i.e. immediately) it is not valid - so why did R. Yochanan wait for his Shabbos garments?

Answer: R. Yochanan wished to do a significant act to show his supreme respect for R. Chanina. We do not know if it was because R. Chanina was his Rav or if it was because of the terrible news (that the Head of the Beis Din - i.e. R. Chanina - had passed away).

However, from the story we see that R. Chanina was not R. Yochanan's primary Rav - R. Chanina was walking to Tziporim leaning on R. Chiya. R. Chanina saw that everyone was running and he asked R. Chiya why they were doing this.

R. Chiya: R. Yochanan is expounding in the Study Hall of R. Banayah and everyone is running to hear him.

R. Chanina: Baruch Hash-m, for He showed me the fruits of my labor in my lifetime. R. Yochanan learned from me all areas of Aggada except for the Books of Mishlei and Koheles. This shows that he was not R. Yochanan's primary Rav, as he only taught him Aggada. Rather, R. Yochanan held every student must tear over his Rav, even if he is not his primary Rav.

Shmuel follows R. Yosi - One person explained to Shmuel the Mishnah (in Maseches Tamid that teaches that there were two keys used for opening the Heichal of the Temple in the morning. Next to the Shaar Hagadol - The Great Gate, that had to be opened from the inside; was a small doorway. The person entering would first open the small door - with the first key - and enter. He entered into a 'teh' - a chamber; and with the second key, opened the door that was located between the teh and the Heichal. Once inside the Heichal, he would open the Shaar HaGadol from the inside. This person explained to Shmuel the meaning of the Mishnah that teaches concerning the two keys, that in order to use one key, he inserted his arm into the deep keyhole until his armpit. The second key was easily used to open the second doorway. And when Shmuel heard that this person had died, he tore his garments. (We see that Shmuel treated him as his primary Rav, even though he only taught Shmuel this one understanding of a Mishnah.)

(Mishnah): One who deposits an animal or vessels with his friend and they were stolen or lost, he pays if he does not wish swear (that he was not negligent nor did he take it for himself) - as Chazal said that an unpaid watchman can exempt himself from payment by swearing.

If the thief was found, he must pay double to the watchman (since the watchman had already paid in full for the item, thereby becoming its owner).

If the thief slaughtered or sold it, he must pay 4 or 5 times the value of animal (4 for a sheep and 5 for a cow) to the watchman. If he paid because he did not wished to swear, if the thief was found, he pays double to the watchman.

If he slaughtered or sold it, he pays 4 or 5. To whom does he pay? To the owner.

Question: From where do we know that he pays double to the watchman?

Answer: The pasuk states (Shemos 22, 3), "if the stolen item shall be found in his hand'' - do we not know that if found in his hand, he must pay double? What do we learn from the phrase "he shall pay double''? If it is not referring to this case (of a regular thief), it must be referring to our case, that if the watchman had paid for the item, he receives double if the thief is found.

Rav Nachman went to the class of R.Yudan. R. Yudan expounded the above teaching. Rav Nachman said to him, "Teach over the latter part - 'if he swore because he did not wish to pay, if the thief was found he pays double; if he slaughtered or sold it, he pays 4 or 5. To whom does he pay? To the owner'. Why doesn't he pay the watchman?

R. Nasa citing R. Yona: The pasuk states (Shemos 22, 3), "he shall pay double'' - this teaches that the same person that receives the primary payment also receives the double payment.