(Mishnah): If an ox gored a cow, and a dead calf is near the cow, and we do not know if the calf was born before the goring (and died by itself), or after the goring (and died due to the goring), the ox pays half- damage for the cow, and a quarter for the calf.

Similarly, if a cow gored an ox, and a calf is near the cow, and we do not know if the calf was born before or after the goring, we collect half-damage for the ox from the cow, and quarter-damage from the calf.

(Gemara) Question: Do all cows miscarry?! We should follow the majority [that do not miscarry], and say that it miscarried due to the goring!

Answer: This shows that we do not follow the majority in monetary laws. Rather, we are concerned for the minority [and consider it a Safek].

(R. Yosi): Elsewhere, we follow the majority in monetary laws, like R. Acha taught, that if a camel was mating and a Mes was found there, it is known that this one killed it.

(R. Yanai): [The Seifa of] our Mishnah means that he pays half damage from the cow, and the owner of the calves pays a quarter [of half-damage, i.e. an eighth] to the owner of the cow.

(R. Yosi): [The owner of the cow pays a quarter, which he Vadai owes. The other quarter, which is we are unsure who owes it,] this one gives half [of the quarter, i.e. an eighth] and this one gives half.

Question: What is the difference between them? (Both agree that the owner of the cow pays three eighths, and the owner of the calves pays an eighth!)

Answer: If the calves died - the one (R. Yosi) who says that this one gives half and this one gives half, this one pays his damage and this pays his damage (since the victim cannot collect from the owner of the calves, since Tam pays only mi'Gufo, he receives only from the owner of the cow, i.e. three eighths);

The one who says that he pays half damage from the cow, and the owner of the calves pays a quarter [of half-damage, i.e. an eighth] to the owner of the cow, this one (the owner of the cow) pays his damage, and this (the owner of the calves) says 'do you not want to collect from this [child]? I will cast [the worthless carcass] in front of you!' (We explained this like BINYAN YERUSHALAYIM.)

(Mishnah): Similarly, if a cow gored an ox...

Question (R. Bun bar Kahana, to R. Imi): [Does the calf pay only a quarter] because it is a Safek (perhaps if was born before the goring), but if it were Vadai, this one would pay half and this one would pay half? Do I say that if an animal's foot belongs to one, and the entire [rest of it] belongs to another [and it damaged], this one pays half and this one pays half?!

Answer (R. Imi): Our Mishnah discusses a Mu'ad. (RIDVAZ)

If one said 'the hind leg is sold to you' (since if it is removed, the animal is Tereifah), he sold half. If he said 'the second hind leg is sold to you', he sold half of [what he still owns, i.e.] half of it. (We explained this like OHR SOMAYACH Hilchos Mechirah 27:8.)