WHEN AN ANIMAL PAYS AS MUCH AS IT BENEFITED [line 1]
It pays the benefit not only when it ate, rather, even when it fell on fruits. We do not say that Reuven is exempt because the fruits merely 'chased away a lion' (prevented damage).
Rava agrees that all the more so if it slipped on its urine, it pays (only) the benefit.
Rav Kahana would say that if another animal pushed it, it pays the damage. They should have been led single file. It was negligence to lead them side by side.
ONES AT THE END [line 20]
According to the opinion that only one who was negligent at the beginning and Ones at the end, surely he is liable;
The question is according to the opinion that exempts negligence at the beginning when the end was Ones:
Here also, he was negligent at the beginning and Ones at the end, so he is exempt;
Or, perhaps this is all negligence. Since he knew that it would give birth soon, he should have been careful with it?
EVALUATION OF THE DAMAGE [line 1]
Rather, it says "in a different field" to teach that we evaluate the damage as if it were in another field.
The Torah wrote it regarding the damage, so we learn both.
Suggestion: We evaluate the small patch by itself.
Rather, we evaluate it among 60 times as much.
EVALUATING DAMAGES DUE TO PEOPLE [line 28]
Reish Galusa (the Exilarch) : I saw that there were three trees together there, and they were worth 100 in all. Reuven must pay one third of this.
Reuven: That is like Persians rule! I will go to Rav Nachman.
Rav Nachman: We evaluate among 60 times as much.
Rava: We said so when a man's property damages. Does it apply when a man himself damages?
(Beraisa): If Levi ruined Yehudah's vineyard when the grapes were unripe, we see how much it was worth before, and how much it is worth now.
The Beraisa does not mention 60.
(Beraisa - R. Yosi): If (one's animal) cut the top off a young tree, those who make decrees in Yerushalayim decreed to pay two (silver coins) for a first year tree, and four for a second year tree.
R. Yosi ha'Glili says, if it ate fodder, we evaluate the remnant, what it is worth at harvest time;
Chachamim say, we see how much it was worth before, and how much it is worth now.
R. Yehoshua says, if it ate Semadar (immature grapes right after budding), we view them as if they were ready to be harvested;
Chachamim say, we see how much it was worth before, and how much it is worth now.
R. Shimon ben Yehudah says, this is only when it ate grapes or figs that were just budding. If it ate Pagim or Boser (proper grapes or figs that are not fully grown), we view them as if they were ready to be harvested.
Summation of Rejection: Chachamim say that we see how much it was worth before, and how much it is worth now. They did not mention 60, but we know that this is the law;
The same applies to the Beraisa about a man who damaged!

